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The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan
The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan is here in full — 319 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan
Context Illustration Reading 1/63 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE EXECUTION.
The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.
Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.
The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.
It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan is here in full — 319 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/63 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE EXECUTION.
/ðə ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/
Line 2
The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.
Line 3
Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.
Line 4
The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.
/ðə tuː ˈkrɔːsɪz stʊd ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə west ɡɔːnt ənd fərˈbɪdɪŋ æt ə kənˈviːnjənt ˈdɪstəns wʌn frʌm ðə ˈʌðər bækt baɪ ðə ɡriːn triːz ənd ərˈaʊnd ðem wɑːz spred θɪk ˈpeɪpər tuː seɪv ðə ɜːrθ frʌm pəˈluːʃən/
Line 5
It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ceremonies noun US /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading “It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.”

crosses noun US /ˈkrɔːsɪz/

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading “The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.”

forbidding adjective US /fərˈbɪdɪŋ/

harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance

From this reading “The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.”

knotty adjective US /ˈnɑːti/

making great mental demands; hard to comprehend or solve or believe

From this reading “It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.”

pollution noun US /pəˈluːʃən/

undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities

From this reading “The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.”

rite noun US /raɪt/

an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading “Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.”

samurai noun US /ˈsæmʊraɪ/

a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy

From this reading “It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.”

subordinates noun US /səˈbɔːrdəneɪts/

plural of “subordinate” — an assistant subject to the authority or control of another

From this reading “The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

stood facing verb + noun

In this reading “The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.”

convenient distance adjective + noun

In this reading “The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.”

green trees noun + noun counted as “green tree”

In this reading “The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.”

on the occasion preposition + article + noun counted as “on … occasion”

In this reading “It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

backedadjectiveUS /bækt/

having a back or backing, usually of a specified type

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.

ceremoniesnounUS /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

convenientadjectiveUS /kənˈviːnjənt/

suited to your comfort or purpose or needs

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

crossesnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪz/

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

Daimio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

EXECUTIONnounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/

putting a condemned person to death

From this reading THE EXECUTION.

facingnounUS /ˈfeɪsɪŋ/

a lining applied to the edge of a garment for ornamentation or strengthening

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

fittingadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtɪŋ/

in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

forbiddingadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪdɪŋ/

harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

gauntadjectiveUS /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.

impressivenessnoun

splendid or imposing in size or appearance

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

knottyadjectiveUS /ˈnɑːti/

making great mental demands; hard to comprehend or solve or believe

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

omittedverbUS /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

pollutionnounUS /pəˈluːʃən/

undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

punctilionoun

a fine point of etiquette or petty formality

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

ritenounUS /raɪt/

an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

samurainounUS /ˈsæmʊraɪ/

a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

subordinatesnounUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪts/

plural of “subordinate” — an assistant subject to the authority or control of another

From this reading The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE EXECUTION.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The Daimio was well served by his subordinates.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading The two crosses stood facing the west, gaunt and forbidding, at a convenient distance one from the other, backed by the green trees, and around them was spread thick paper, to save the earth from pollution.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Nothing was omitted which could add impressiveness to the coming rite.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It had been a knotty question with the chief samurai, who acted as master of the ceremonies, as to the exact shade of punctilio which it would be fitting to employ on the occasion.

Chapter 9 of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan by Lewis Wingfield holds 319 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan contain?

Chapter 9 holds 319 sentences of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan by Lewis Wingfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 319 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan by Lewis Wingfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4056 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38853 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #38853, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan take to read?

About 338 minutes of reading across 812 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Towards
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grandeur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Curse of Koshiu: A Chronicle of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.