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The Czar
The Czar

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Czar is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Czar
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SERF AND BOYAR.
Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”
It was evening.
Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.
The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Czar

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Czar is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SERF AND BOYAR.
Line 2
Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”
Line 3
It was evening.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈiːvnɪŋ/
Line 4
Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.
Line 5
The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brooding noun US /ˈbruːdɪŋ/

sitting on eggs so as to hatch them by the warmth of the body

From this reading ““Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.””

costly adjective US /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading “The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.”

disdain verb US /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading ““Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.””

Forbade verb US /fərˈbeɪd/

inflected form of “forbid” — command against

From this reading ““Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.””

indescribable adjective US /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

defying expression or description

From this reading “The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.”

serf noun US /sɜːrf/

(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading “SERF AND BOYAR.”

softer adjective US /ˈsɑːftər/

comparative of “soft” — yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading ““Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.””

strewn verb US /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading “The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

family mansion noun + noun

In this reading “Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.”

in the saloon preposition + article + noun counted as “in … saloon”

In this reading “Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SERF AND BOYAR.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

assumeverbUS /əˈsuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

BOYAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SERF AND BOYAR.

broodingnounUS /ˈbruːdɪŋ/

sitting on eggs so as to hatch them by the warmth of the body

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

broods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

costlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

disdainverbUS /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading It was evening.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

ForbadeverbUS /fərˈbeɪd/

inflected form of “forbid” — command against

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

forlornnessnoun

sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

furniturenounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

goodsnounUS /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

indescribableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

defying expression or description

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was evening.

Ivan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

lockedverbUS /lɑːkt/

past form of “lock” — fasten with a lock

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

ownersnounUS /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

Pojarsky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

saloonnounUS /səˈluːn/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

SERFnounUS /sɜːrf/

(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading SERF AND BOYAR.

slainnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

softeradjectiveUS /ˈsɑːftər/

comparative of “soft” — yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

VengeancenounUS /ˈvendʒəns/

the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was evening.

Wertsch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ivan Pojarsky sat alone in the saloon of the Wertsch family mansion.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The costly furniture with which it was strewn had that indescribable air of neglect and forlornness which household goods assume when death, or sorrow deep as death, broods over their owners.

woenounUS /woʊ/

misery resulting from affliction

From this reading “Vengeance, deep brooding o’er the slain, Had locked the source of softer woe; And burning pride and high disdain Forbade the rising tear to flow.”

Chapter 12 of The Czar by Deborah Alcock holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Czar contain?

Chapter 12 holds 171 sentences of The Czar, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Czar by Deborah Alcock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Czar?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Czar

Common questions about reading The Czar by Deborah Alcock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Czar?

Yes. All 7341 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49782 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Czar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49782, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Czar take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1469 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Czar section by section

How to work through The Czar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Czar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Czar

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Czar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Napoleon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.