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The Czar
The Czar

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Czar is here in full — 254 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Czar
Context Illustration Reading 1/50 · 5 lines
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WEARY, WANDERING FEET.
There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”
It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.
The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.
A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Czar

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Czar is here in full — 254 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WEARY, WANDERING FEET.
/ˈwɪri ˈwɑːndərɪŋ fiːt/
Line 2
There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”
/ðer ʃæl biː noʊ mɔːr snoʊ noʊ ˈwɪri ˈwɑːndərɪŋ fiːt/
Line 3
It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.
/ɪt wɑːz wʌn ʌv ðə ˈɜːrli deɪz ʌv ə ˈdʒenjəwən ˈrʌʃən ˈwɪntər/
Line 4
The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.
Line 5
A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dispirited adjective US /dɪˈspɪrətɪd/

marked by low spirits; showing no enthusiasm

From this reading “A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.”

flakes noun US /fleɪks/

plural of “flake” — a crystal of snow

From this reading “The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.”

frosty adjective US /ˈfrɔːsti/

devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain

From this reading “The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.”

infantry noun US /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading “A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.”

Moscow noun US /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading “The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.”

pierce verb US /pɪrs/

cut or make a way through

From this reading “The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.”

toiling adjective US /ˈtɔɪlɪŋ/

doing arduous or unpleasant work

From this reading “A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.”

wintry adjective US /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading “The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

early days adjective + noun

an early period of development

In this reading “It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.”

bitter winds adjective + noun counted as “bitter wind”

In this reading “The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.”

with hunger preposition + noun

In this reading “A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.”

with snow preposition + noun

In this reading “The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.”

regiment of verb + particle

In this reading “A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

denseadjectiveUS /dens/

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

dispiritedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɪrətɪd/

marked by low spirits; showing no enthusiasm

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

famishing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

FEETnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading WEARY, WANDERING FEET.

flakesnounUS /fleɪks/

plural of “flake” — a crystal of snow

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

frostyadjectiveUS /ˈfrɔːsti/

devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

genuineadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenjəwən/

not fake or counterfeit

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

hungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

pierceverbUS /pɪrs/

cut or make a way through

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading “There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”

Smolensko

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading “There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”

snow-drifts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

struggledverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

sweepingadjectiveUS /ˈswiːpɪŋ/

taking in or moving over (or as if over) a wide area; often used in combination

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading “There shall be no more snow, No weary, wandering feet.”

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

toilingadjectiveUS /ˈtɔɪlɪŋ/

doing arduous or unpleasant work

From this reading A regiment of French infantry, weary, dispirited, and famishing with hunger, was toiling through the snow-drifts.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

WANDERINGadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading WEARY, WANDERING FEET.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

WEARYverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading WEARY, WANDERING FEET.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading It was one of the early days of a genuine Russian winter.

wintryadjectiveUS /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The vast and desolate plain between Moscow and Smolensko was white with snow; bitter winds thick with falling flakes were sweeping over it; and the wintry sun struggled in vain to pierce a dense frosty fog.

Chapter 18 of The Czar by Deborah Alcock holds 254 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Czar contain?

Chapter 18 holds 254 sentences of The Czar, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Czar by Deborah Alcock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 254 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Czar?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Czar

Common questions about reading The Czar by Deborah Alcock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Czar?

Yes. All 7341 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49782 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Czar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49782, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Czar take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1469 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Czar section by section

How to work through The Czar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Czar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Czar

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Czar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Napoleon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.