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The Czar
The Czar

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Czar is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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LEAVES FROM LETTERS.
“Umile in tanta gloria.”--PETRARCH.
The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.
Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.
“Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Czar

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Czar is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LEAVES FROM LETTERS.
/liːvz frʌm ˈletərz/
Line 2
“Umile in tanta gloria.”--PETRARCH.
Line 3
The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.
Line 4
Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.
Line 5
“Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brighter adjective US /ˈbraɪtər/

comparative of “bright” — emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

cheeks noun US /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading “Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.”

elder noun US /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

glowing adjective US /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/

highly enthusiastic

From this reading “Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.”

parlour noun US /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

Petersburg noun US /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading ““Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.””

ripened adjective US /ˈraɪpənd/

of wines, fruit, cheeses; having reached a desired or final condition; (“aged” pronounced as one syllable)

From this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

sheets noun US /ʃiːts/

plural of “sheet” — any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading “Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

entered the parlour verb + article + noun counted as “enter … parlour”

In this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

elder ladies noun + noun counted as “elder lady”

In this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

Dear aunt adjective + noun

In this reading ““Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.””

brighter summer adjective + noun counted as “bright summer”

In this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

dear mother adjective + noun

In this reading ““Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.””

two elder noun + noun

In this reading “The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

auntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

brighteradjectiveUS /ˈbraɪtər/

comparative of “bright” — emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

cheeksnounUS /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

closely-written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

Clémence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

DearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading LEAVES FROM LETTERS.

gloria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Umile in tanta gloria.”--PETRARCH.

glowingadjectiveUS /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/

highly enthusiastic

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Umile in tanta gloria.”--PETRARCH.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

LEAVESnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading LEAVES FROM LETTERS.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

LETTERSnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading LEAVES FROM LETTERS.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

parlournounUS /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

PETRARCHnoun

an Italian poet famous for love lyrics (1304-1374)

From this reading “Umile in tanta gloria.”--PETRARCH.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

ripenedadjectiveUS /ˈraɪpənd/

of wines, fruit, cheeses; having reached a desired or final condition; (“aged” pronounced as one syllable)

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

sheetsnounUS /ʃiːts/

plural of “sheet” — any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

spring-tide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

tanta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Umile in tanta gloria.”--PETRARCH.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

Umile

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Umile in tanta gloria.”--PETRARCH.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Her cheeks were glowing, and she held in her hand several closely-written sheets of paper.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The bright spring-tide had ripened into a yet brighter summer, when one day Clémence entered the parlour where the two elder ladies sat at work.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Dear aunt and dear mother,” she said, “I thought you would like me to read for you part of the letter from--St. Petersburg.”

Chapter 28 of The Czar by Deborah Alcock holds 154 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Czar contain?

Chapter 28 holds 154 sentences of The Czar, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Czar by Deborah Alcock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 154 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Czar?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Czar

Common questions about reading The Czar by Deborah Alcock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Czar?

Yes. All 7341 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49782 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Czar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49782, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Czar take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1469 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Czar section by section

How to work through The Czar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Czar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Czar

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Czar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Napoleon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.