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The Daughter of the Commandant
The Daughter of the Commandant

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Daughter of the Commandant is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Daughter of the Commandant
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SIEGE.
As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.
Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.
Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.
The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Daughter of the Commandant

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Daughter of the Commandant is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SIEGE.
/ðə siːdʒ/
Line 2
As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.
Line 3
Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.
Line 4
Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.
/ˈmeɪsənz wɜːr ˈbrɪŋɪŋ brɪks ənd rɪˈperɪŋ ðə wɔːlz/
Line 5
The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.
/ðə ˈsentriz stɑːpt ʌs æt ðə ɡeɪts tuː dɪˈmænd ˈaʊər ˈpæspɔːrts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cropped adjective US /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading “As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.”

hollowing verb US /ˈhɑːloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “hollow” — remove the inner part or the core of

From this reading “Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.”

Masons noun US /ˈmeɪsənz/

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading “Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.”

passports noun US /ˈpæspɔːrts/

plural of “passport” — any authorization to pass or go somewhere

From this reading “The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.”

pensioners noun US /ˈpenʃənərz/

plural of “pensioner” — the beneficiary of a pension fund

From this reading “As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.”

pincers noun US /ˈpɪnsərz/

plural of “pincer” — a hand tool for holding consisting of a compound lever for grasping

From this reading “As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.”

spades noun US /speɪdz/

plural of “spade” — a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading “Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.”

wheelbarrows noun US /ˈwiːlberoʊz/

plural of “wheelbarrow” — a cart for carrying small loads; has handles and one or more wheels

From this reading “Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

61

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

bricksnounUS /brɪks/

plural of “brick” — rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.

bringingnounUS /ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

convictsnounUS /ˈkɑːnvɪkts/

plural of “convict” — a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

croppedadjectiveUS /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

disfiguredadjectiveUS /dɪˈsfɪɡjərd/

having the appearance spoiled

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

ditchnounUS /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

executionernounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənər/

an official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

hollowingverbUS /ˈhɑːloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “hollow” — remove the inner part or the core of

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

MasonsnounUS /ˈmeɪsənz/

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

Orenburg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

passportsnounUS /ˈpæspɔːrts/

plural of “passport” — any authorization to pass or go somewhere

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

pensionersnounUS /ˈpenʃənərz/

plural of “pensioner” — the beneficiary of a pension fund

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

pincersnounUS /ˈpɪnsərz/

plural of “pincer” — a hand tool for holding consisting of a compound lever for grasping

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

repairingverbUS /rɪˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “repair” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.

rubbishnounUS /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

worthless material that is to be disposed of

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

sentriesnounUS /ˈsentriz/

plural of “sentry” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

SIEGEnounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading THE SIEGE.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

spadesnounUS /speɪdz/

plural of “spade” — a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SIEGE.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The sentries stopped us at the gates to demand our passports.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Masons were bringing bricks and repairing the walls.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

wheelbarrowsnounUS /ˈwiːlberoʊz/

plural of “wheelbarrow” — a cart for carrying small loads; has handles and one or more wheels

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Some were taking away in wheelbarrows the rubbish which filled the ditch; others were hollowing out the earth with spades.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading As we approached Orenburg we saw a crowd of convicts with cropped heads, and faces disfigured by the pincers of the executioner.[61] They were working on the fortifications of the place under the pensioners of the garrison.

Chapter 10 of The Daughter of the Commandant by Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Daughter of the Commandant contain?

Chapter 10 holds 160 sentences of The Daughter of the Commandant, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Daughter of the Commandant by Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Daughter of the Commandant?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The Daughter of the Commandant

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Daughter of the Commandant, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Daughter of the Commandant, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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