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The Daughter of the Commandant
The Daughter of the Commandant

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of The Daughter of the Commandant is here in full — 277 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
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THE TRIAL.
I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.
Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.
Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.
All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Daughter of the Commandant

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of The Daughter of the Commandant is here in full — 277 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TRIAL.
/ðə ˈtraɪəl/
Line 2
I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.
Line 3
Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.
/ðʌs aɪ kʊd ˈiːzəli ˌekˈskʌlpeɪt ˌmaɪˈself fɔːr nɑːt ˈoʊnli hæd wiː nɑːt bɪn fərˈbɪd.ən tuː meɪk ˈsɔːrtiz əˈɡenst ðə ˈenəmi bʌt wɜːr enˈkɜːrɪdʒd ɪn soʊ ˈduːɪŋ/
Line 4
Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.
Line 5
All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.
/ɔːl ðə weɪ aɪ ˈpɑːndərd ðə ˈkwestʃənz aɪ ʃʊd biː æskt ənd ˈmentəli riˈzɑːlvd əˈpɑːn maɪ ˈænsərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

answers noun US /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading “All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.”

encouraged adjective US /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading “Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.”

exculpate verb US /ˌekˈskʌlpeɪt/

pronounce not guilty of criminal charges

From this reading “Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.”

forbidden adjective US /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading “Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.”

mentally adverb US /ˈmentəli/

in your mind

From this reading “All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.”

pondered verb US /ˈpɑːndərd/

past form of “ponder” — reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading “All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.”

sorties noun US /ˈsɔːrtiz/

plural of “sortie” — a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading “Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.”

witnesses noun US /ˈwɪtnəsəz/

plural of “witness” — someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading “Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

answersnounUS /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

arrestverbUS /ərˈest/

take into custody

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

encouragedadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

exculpateverbUS /ˌekˈskʌlpeɪt/

pronounce not guilty of criminal charges

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

forbiddenadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

mentallyadverbUS /ˈmentəli/

in your mind

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

Orenburg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

ponderedverbUS /ˈpɑːndərd/

past form of “ponder” — reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

Pugatchéf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

sortiesnounUS /ˈsɔːrtiz/

plural of “sortie” — a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

suspiciousadjectiveUS /səˈspɪʃəs/

openly distrustful and unwilling to confide

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TRIAL.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

TRIALnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading THE TRIAL.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading All the way I pondered the questions I should be asked, and mentally resolved upon my answers.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Thus I could easily exculpate myself, for not only had we not been forbidden to make sorties against the enemy, but were encouraged in so doing.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I did not doubt that the cause of my arrest was my departure from Orenburg without leave.

witnessesnounUS /ˈwɪtnəsəz/

plural of “witness” — someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading Still my friendly understanding with Pugatchéf seemed to be proved by a crowd of witnesses, and must appear at least suspicious.

Chapter 14 of The Daughter of the Commandant by Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin holds 277 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of The Daughter of the Commandant contain?

Chapter 14 holds 277 sentences of The Daughter of the Commandant, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of The Daughter of the Commandant by Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 277 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of The Daughter of the Commandant?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Daughter of the Commandant

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Daughter of the Commandant, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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