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The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1
The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.
Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.
The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.
It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.
There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.
Line 2
Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.
Line 3
The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.
Line 4
It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.
Line 5
There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bustling adjective US /ˈbʌsəlɪŋ/

full of energetic and noisy activity

From this reading “A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.”

clanging adjective US /ˈklæŋɪŋ/

having a loud resonant metallic sound

From this reading “There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.”

exempt verb US /ɪɡˈzempt/

grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to

From this reading “Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.”

handicraft noun US /ˈhændikræft/

a work produced by hand labor

From this reading “It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.”

momentous adjective US /moʊˈmentəs/

of very great significance

From this reading “It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.”

Scone noun US /skoʊn/

small biscuit (rich with cream and eggs) cut into diamonds or sticks and baked in an oven or (especially originally) on a griddle

From this reading “A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.”

sharpening verb US /ˈʃɑːrpənɪŋ/

-ing form of “sharpen” — make sharp or sharper

From this reading “There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.”

smiths noun US /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading “There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1306

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

accountedverbUS /əˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “account” — be the sole or primary factor in the existence, acquisition, supply, or disposal of something

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

anvils

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

armorers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

bitsnounUS /bɪts/

plural of “bit” — a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

burghers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

burnishing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

bustlingadjectiveUS /ˈbʌsəlɪŋ/

full of energetic and noisy activity

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

clangingadjectiveUS /ˈklæŋɪŋ/

having a loud resonant metallic sound

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

countenancesnounUS /ˈkaʊntənənsɪz/

plural of “countenance” — the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

esquires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

evidentlyadverbUS /ˈevədəntli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

exemptverbUS /ɪɡˈzempt/

grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

garbnounUS /ɡɑːrb/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

handicraftnounUS /ˈhændikræft/

a work produced by hand labor

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

momentousadjectiveUS /moʊˈmentəs/

of very great significance

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

Perthshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

quartered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

restraintnounUS /rɪˈstreɪnt/

the act of controlling by restraining someone or something

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

saddlesnounUS /ˈsædəlz/

plural of “saddle” — a seat for the rider of a horse or other animal

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

SconenounUS /skoʊn/

small biscuit (rich with cream and eggs) cut into diamonds or sticks and baked in an oven or (especially originally) on a griddle

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

Scotsmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

sharpeningverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpənɪŋ/

-ing form of “sharpen” — make sharp or sharper

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

shieldsnounUS /ʃiːldz/

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

smithsnounUS /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

spearsnounUS /spɪrz/

plural of “spear” — a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

spursnounUS /spɜːrz/

plural of “spur” — a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

SubduedadjectiveUS /səbˈduːd/

in a softened tone

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

suppressedadjectiveUS /səˈprest/

kept from public knowledge by various means

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

throngedadjectiveUS /θrɔːŋd/

filled with great numbers crowded together

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

tokensnounUS /ˈtoʊkənz/

plural of “token” — an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

tonguesnounUS /tʌŋz/

plural of “tongue” — a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading A bustling and joyous aspect did the ancient town of Scone present near the end of March, 1306.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

unwelcomeadjectiveUS /ənˈwelkəm/

not welcome; not giving pleasure or received with pleasure

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

vicinitynounUS /vəˈsɪnəti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Subdued indeed, and evidently under some restraint and mystery, which might be accounted for by the near vicinity of the English, who were quartered in large numbers over almost the whole of Perthshire; some, however, appeared exempt from these most unwelcome guests.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading It had been long, very long since the old quiet town had witnessed such busy groups and such eager tongues as on all sides thronged it now; the very burghers and men of handicraft wore on their countenances tokens of something momentous.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading There were smiths' shops opening on every side, armorers at work, anvils clanging, spears sharpening, shields burnishing, bits and steel saddles and sharp spurs meeting the eye at every turn.

yeomen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The nobles, esquires, yeomen, and peasants--all, by their national garb and eager yet suppressed voices, might be known at once as Scotsmen right and true.

Chapter 3 of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 by Grace Aguilar holds 180 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 180 sentences of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 by Grace Aguilar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 180 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 by Grace Aguilar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1?

Yes. All 4623 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18387 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18387, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 take to read?

About 385 minutes of reading across 925 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Month
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
March
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rough
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stormy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Bruce — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.