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The Days of Chivalry
The Days of Chivalry

Chapter IV · Charlemagne’s Cortege

Chapter IV of The Days of Chivalry, “Charlemagne’s Cortege,” is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.
Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.
The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.
A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.
There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Days of Chivalry

Chapter IV · Charlemagne’s Cortege

Chapter IV of The Days of Chivalry, “Charlemagne’s Cortege,” is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.
/ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn dɪˈtɜːrmənd tuː ˈseləbreɪt ðə ˈfɔːrtʃənət ˈɪʃuː ʌv hɪz kæmˈpeɪn/
Line 2
Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.
Line 3
The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.
/ðə spɑːt ˈtʃoʊzən fɔːr ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt wɑːz æn ɪkˈstent ʌv ˈvelvət swɔːrd ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd æt ðə edʒ ʌv ə ˈfɔːrəst ʌv oʊks ðæt wɜːr faɪv ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz oʊld/
Line 4
A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.
Line 5
There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adversaries noun US /ˈædvərseriz/

plural of “adversary” — someone who offers opposition

From this reading “Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.”

amphitheatre noun US /ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər/

a sloping gallery with seats for spectators (as in an operating room or theater)

From this reading “A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.”

charlemagne noun US /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading “CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.”

enriching verb US /enˈrɪtʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “enrich” — make better or improve in quality

From this reading “Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.”

entrances noun US /ˈentrənsəz/

plural of “entrance” — something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading “There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.”

heralds noun US /ˈherəldz/

plural of “herald” — (formal) a person who announces important news

From this reading “Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.”

palisades noun US /ˌpælɪˈseɪdz/

plural of “palisade” — fortification consisting of a strong fence made of stakes driven into the ground

From this reading “A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.”

tourneys noun US /ˈtuːrniz/

plural of “tourney” — a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading “Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

five hundred noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the product of one hundred and five

In this reading “The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.”

on horseback preposition + noun

In this reading “There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.”

low hills adjective + noun counted as “low hill”

In this reading “A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.”

wide enough adjective + noun

In this reading “There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.”

in the centre preposition + article + noun counted as “in … centre”

In this reading “A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.”

at the edge preposition + article + noun counted as “at … edge”

In this reading “The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.”

on the north preposition + article + noun counted as “on … north”

In this reading “There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

abreastadjectiveUS /əˈbrest/

being up to particular standard or level especially in being up to date in knowledge

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

adversariesnounUS /ˈædvərseriz/

plural of “adversary” — someone who offers opposition

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

amphitheatrenounUS /ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər/

a sloping gallery with seats for spectators (as in an operating room or theater)

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

areanounUS /ˈeriə/

a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

campaignnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

celebrateverbUS /ˈseləbreɪt/

behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

CHARLEMAGNEnounUS /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

combatantsnounUS /kəmˈbætənts/

plural of “combatant” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

enrichingverbUS /enˈrɪtʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “enrich” — make better or improve in quality

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

entrancesnounUS /ˈentrənsəz/

plural of “entrance” — something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

heraldsnounUS /ˈherəldz/

plural of “herald” — (formal) a person who announces important news

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

horsebacknounUS /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

Jousts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

listsnounUS /lɪsts/

plural of “list” — a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

oaksnounUS /oʊks/

plural of “oak” — the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

organisedadjective

being a member of or formed into a labor union

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

palisadesnounUS /ˌpælɪˈseɪdz/

plural of “palisade” — fortification consisting of a strong fence made of stakes driven into the ground

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

pourverbUS /pɔːr/

cause to run

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

reservedadjectiveUS /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

set aside for the use of a particular person or party

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

semi-circle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

spoilsnounUS /spɔɪlz/

plural of “spoil” — (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war)

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

swardnounUS /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CHARLEMAGNE determined to celebrate the fortunate issue of his campaign.

tournamentnounUS /ˈtʊrnəmənt/

a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

tourneysnounUS /ˈtuːrniz/

plural of “tourney” — a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There were two entrances to the lists--one on the north, the other on the south--each wide enough to admit of the passage of six knights on horseback abreast.

vanquishedverbUS /ˈvæŋkwɪʃt/

past form of “vanquish” — come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

velvetnounUS /ˈvelvət/

a silky densely piled fabric with a plain back

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A semi-circle of low hills formed a sort of amphitheatre, in the centre of which a vast area, reserved for the combatants, was surrounded with palisades.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Jousts and tourneys were organised, and heralds were sent out far and wide; and before long knights began to pour in from the various provinces: some to show their courage and exercise their strength and skill, others in the hope of enriching themselves with the spoils of their vanquished adversaries.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The spot chosen for the tournament was an extent of velvet sward situated at the edge of a forest of oaks that were five hundred years old.

Chapter 4 of The Days of Chivalry by Quatrelles holds 107 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Days of Chivalry contain?

Chapter 4 holds 107 sentences of The Days of Chivalry, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Days of Chivalry by Quatrelles exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 107 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Days of Chivalry?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Days of Chivalry

Common questions about reading The Days of Chivalry by Quatrelles on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Days of Chivalry?

Yes. All 3790 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44428 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Days of Chivalry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44428, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Days of Chivalry take to read?

About 315 minutes of reading across 758 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Days of Chivalry section by section

How to work through The Days of Chivalry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of The Days of Chivalry to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Days of Chivalry

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Days of Chivalry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ernest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Louis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Victor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jules
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Days of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.