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"The Debatable Land": A Novel
"The Debatable Land": A Novel

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of "The Debatable Land": A Novel is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for "The Debatable Land": A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
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In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.
Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.
The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.
He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.
In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

"The Debatable Land": A Novel

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of "The Debatable Land": A Novel is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.
Line 2
Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.
Line 3
The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.
Line 4
He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.
/hiː hæd bɪn ə ˈlɔːjər ə ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən ənd meɪd hɪz stɜːr ɪn hɪz deɪ/
Line 5
In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

darken verb US /ˈdɑːrkən/

become dark or darker

From this reading “The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.”

feigning noun US /ˈfeɪnɪŋ/

pretending with intention to deceive

From this reading “The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.”

grooves noun US /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading “The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.”

Justification noun US /ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary

From this reading “In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.”

politician noun US /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading “He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.”

prospered verb US /ˈprɑːspərd/

past form of “prosper” — make steady progress; be at the high point in one's career or reach a high point in historical significance or importance

From this reading “The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.”

widen verb US /ˈwaɪdən/

become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading “The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.”

withdrawal noun US /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading “The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

early days adjective + noun

an early period of development

In this reading “In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.”

black hat adjective + noun

In this reading “In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.”

good reason adjective + noun

In this reading “In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.”

long coat adjective + noun

In this reading “In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.”

went outside verb + adjective counted as “go outside”

In this reading “Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.”

stir in verb + particle

In this reading “He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1860

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

58

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.

bitternessnounUS /ˈbɪtərnəs/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

bonyadjectiveUS /ˈboʊni/

being very thin

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

caverned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

darkenverbUS /ˈdɑːrkən/

become dark or darker

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

deepenedverbUS /ˈdiːpənd/

past form of “deepen” — make more intense, stronger, or more marked

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

feigningnounUS /ˈfeɪnɪŋ/

pretending with intention to deceive

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

groovesnounUS /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

Hagar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

HamiltonnounUS /ˈhæməltən/

Irish mathematician (1806-1865)

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

hermitnounUS /ˈhɜːrmət/

one retired from society for religious reasons

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

JustificationnounUS /ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

lawyernounUS /ˈlɔːjər/

a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

Map's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

misanthropynoun

hatred of mankind

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

MoraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

notingverbUS /ˈnoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “note” — make mention of

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

politiciannounUS /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

prosperedverbUS /ˈprɑːspərd/

past form of “prosper” — make steady progress; be at the high point in one's career or reach a high point in historical significance or importance

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

rebelliousadjectiveUS /rɪˈbeljəs/

resisting control or authority

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

seclusionnounUS /sɪˈkluːʒən/

the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

SquirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading He had been a lawyer, a politician, and made his stir in his day.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

Thaddeus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Men have said that he never went outside the village after the fall of '58, at least never to Hamilton.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

widenverbUS /ˈwaɪdən/

become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

withdrawalnounUS /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading In 1860 he was a gray, grim gentleman in a long coat and tall, black hat, with a caverned, bony face and large frame, whom it was not considered wisdom to address without good reason, but who was seen often enough about the village.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The grooves where his bitterness ran plainly deepened as the stream wore them year by year; possibly the gradual noting how his withdrawal made no empty place among busy men, how feigning friends who had turned enemies and rebellious sons went their way and prospered, helped to widen and darken the shadow of his misanthropy.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading In which Thaddeus uses the term "Moral Justification" In the early days of Squire Map's seclusion he had not yet made the hermit of himself that Hagar was familiar with later.

Chapter 4 of "The Debatable Land": A Novel by Arthur Colton holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of "The Debatable Land": A Novel contain?

Chapter 4 holds 121 sentences of "The Debatable Land": A Novel, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of "The Debatable Land": A Novel by Arthur Colton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of "The Debatable Land": A Novel?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading "The Debatable Land": A Novel

Common questions about reading "The Debatable Land": A Novel by Arthur Colton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of "The Debatable Land": A Novel?

Yes. All 4252 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41963 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of "The Debatable Land": A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41963, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does "The Debatable Land": A Novel take to read?

About 354 minutes of reading across 851 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read "The Debatable Land": A Novel section by section

How to work through "The Debatable Land": A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of "The Debatable Land": A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in "The Debatable Land": A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in "The Debatable Land": A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eastover
A word that appears in the opening chapter of "The Debatable Land": A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Court
A word that appears in the opening chapter of "The Debatable Land": A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of "The Debatable Land": A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of "The Debatable Land": A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.