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The defender
The defender

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The defender is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The defender
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.
It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.
It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.
Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.
But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The defender

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The defender is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.
/wɜːrdz ðæt spiːk ˈiːvəl ðoʊ ðeɪ hæv noʊ tiːθ kæn ter ðə hɑːrt wɑːz æn oʊld ˈprɑːvərb/
Line 2
It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.
Line 3
It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.
Line 4
Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.
/bɪˈkɔːz hiː wɑːz ˈɪɡnərənt ʌv ˈeni rɔːŋ ɑːn hɪz pɑːrt hiː traɪd nɑːt tuː θɪŋk tuː mʌtʃ ənd went əˈbaʊt hɪz oʊn əˈferz/
Line 5
But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avoided verb US /əˈvɔɪdɪd/

past form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.”

contact noun US /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading “It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.”

endure verb US /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading “But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.”

proverb noun US /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading ““Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.”

risen adjective US /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading “It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.”

solitude noun US /ˈsɑːlətuːd/

a state of social isolation

From this reading “But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.”

tear verb US /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading ““Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.”

trapped adjective US /træpt/

forced to turn and face attackers

From this reading “But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

old proverb adjective + noun

In this reading ““Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.”

own affairs verb + noun

In this reading “Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

avoidedverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪd/

past form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

BecauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

hurtverbUS /hɜːrt/

be the source of pain

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

ill-will

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

proverbnounUS /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

solitudenounUS /ˈsɑːlətuːd/

a state of social isolation

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

teethnounUS /tiːθ/

the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

trappedadjectiveUS /træpt/

forced to turn and face attackers

From this reading But solitude is not easy to endure, for the reason that thoughts cannot be trapped.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

Turgen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading It was as if a dead wall of ill-will had suddenly risen between him and the people of the valley.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

WordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading “Words that speak evil, though they have no teeth, can tear the heart,” was an old proverb.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading Because he was ignorant of any wrong on his part, he tried not to think too much and went about his own affairs.

Yakuts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It hurt Turgen that the Yakuts turned from him, avoided his questions and all contact with him.

Chapter 4 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff holds 37 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The defender contain?

Chapter 4 holds 37 sentences of The defender, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 37 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The defender?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The defender

Common questions about reading The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The defender?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The defender is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The defender take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The defender section by section

How to work through The defender section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The defender to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The defender

Words and structures a reader meets early in The defender, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.