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The defender
The defender

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The defender is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.
When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.
For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.
“How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.
The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The defender

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of The defender is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.
Line 2
When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.
/wen hiː ˈtaɪərd ʌv ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ ðə ˈtaɪni ˈfɪɡjərz ʌv men ənd ˈwɪmən ˈskɜːriɪŋ əˈbaʊt æt ðə fʊt ʌv hɪz hɪl hiː hæd ˈoʊnli tuː tɜːrn hɪz aɪz ˈʌpwərd tuː siː ə ˈdɪfərənt ənd ˈfæsəneɪtɪŋ saɪt/
Line 3
For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.
/fɔːr ðer ˈdɑːdʒɪŋ əˈmʌŋ ðə kræɡz wɜːr speks wɪtʃ hiː nuː tuː biː waɪld ræmz/
Line 4
“How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.
Line 5
The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.
/ðə hɪlz wɜːr ˈbærən ɪkˈsept fɔːr spɑːrs tʌfts ʌv mɔːs æn əˈkeɪʒənəl θɪn klʌmp ʌv ɡræs ənd naʊ ənd ðen ə tʌf ˈhɑːrdi ʃrʌb ðæt kʊd nɑːt kənˈteɪn mʌtʃ ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dodging noun US /ˈdɑːdʒɪŋ/

nonperformance of something distasteful (as by deceit or trickery) that you are supposed to do

From this reading “For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.”

nourishment noun US /ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

a source of materials to nourish the body

From this reading “The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.”

rams noun US /ræmz/

plural of “ram” — the most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on

From this reading “For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.”

scurrying adjective US /ˈskɜːriɪŋ/

moving with great haste

From this reading “When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.”

shrub noun US /ʃrʌb/

a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading “The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.”

sparse adjective US /spɑːrs/

not dense

From this reading “The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.”

specks noun US /speks/

plural of “speck” — a very small spot

From this reading “For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.”

tufts noun US /tʌfts/

plural of “tuft” — a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading “The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tiny figures adjective + noun counted as “tiny figure”

In this reading “When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.”

at the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

clumpnounUS /klʌmp/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

cragsnounUS /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

dodgingnounUS /ˈdɑːdʒɪŋ/

nonperformance of something distasteful (as by deceit or trickery) that you are supposed to do

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

fascinatingadjectiveUS /ˈfæsəneɪtɪŋ/

capable of arousing and holding the attention

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

ledgenounUS /ledʒ/

a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

mossnounUS /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

nourishmentnounUS /ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

a source of materials to nourish the body

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

ramsnounUS /ræmz/

plural of “ram” — the most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

scurryingadjectiveUS /ˈskɜːriɪŋ/

moving with great haste

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

shrubnounUS /ʃrʌb/

a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

sparseadjectiveUS /spɑːrs/

not dense

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

specksnounUS /speks/

plural of “speck” — a very small spot

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

steppingverbUS /ˈstepɪŋ/

inflected form of “step” — shift or move by taking a step

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “How do they live?” he asked himself one evening.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

tinyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪni/

very small

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

toughadjectiveUS /tʌf/

not given to gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

tuftsnounUS /tʌfts/

plural of “tuft” — a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading The hills were barren except for sparse tufts of moss, an occasional thin clump of grass, and now and then a tough, hardy shrub that could not contain much nourishment.

Turgen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading For there, dodging among the crags, were specks which he knew to be wild rams.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading When he tired of watching the tiny figures of men and women scurrying about at the foot of his hill, he had only to turn his eyes upward to see a different and fascinating sight.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading By stepping on to a ledge outside his door, Turgen on a clear day had a wonderful view of the valley below and the mountains above him.

Chapter 9 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff holds 52 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The defender contain?

Chapter 9 holds 52 sentences of The defender, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 52 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The defender?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The defender

Common questions about reading The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The defender?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The defender is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The defender take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The defender section by section

How to work through The defender section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The defender to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The defender

Words and structures a reader meets early in The defender, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.