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The defender
The defender

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The defender is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The defender
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.
For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.
The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.
Good or bad, he must know the truth.
His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The defender

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The defender is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.
Line 2
For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.
/fɔːr ðeɪ hæd bɪˈkʌm ˈnesəseri tuː hɪm pərˈhæps mɔːr ˈnesəseri ðæn hiː tuː ðem/
Line 3
The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.
/ðə nekst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ hiː roʊz ˈɜːrli ənd ˈhɜːrid tuː ðə ˈfiːdɪŋ ɡraʊnd wɪð ə ˈdʒenərəs səˈplaɪ ʌv ɡræs/
Line 4
Good or bad, he must know the truth.
/ɡʊd ɔːr bæd hiː mʌst noʊ ðə truːθ/
Line 5
His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.
/hɪz fɪrz wɜːr ˈprɑːmptli ˈkwaɪətɪd wen hiː sɔː ðə ræmz freʃ træks ɪn ðə ˈklɪrɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

charges noun US /ˈtʃɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “charge” — an impetuous rush toward someone or something

From this reading “That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.”

clearing noun US /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading “His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.”

feeding noun US /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading “The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.”

promptly adverb US /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading “His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.”

quieted verb US /ˈkwaɪətɪd/

past form of “quiet” — become quiet or quieter

From this reading “His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.”

rams noun US /ræmz/

plural of “ram” — the most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on

From this reading “His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.”

tossed verb US /tɔːst/

past form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading “That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.”

tracks noun US /træks/

plural of “track” — a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading “His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.”

become necessary verb + adjective

In this reading “For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.”

fresh tracks adjective + noun counted as “fresh track”

In this reading “His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.”

know the truth verb + article + noun counted as “know … truth”

In this reading “Good or bad, he must know the truth.”

supply of verb + particle

In this reading “The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

anxietynounUS /æŋˈzaɪəti/

(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Good or bad, he must know the truth.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

chargesnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “charge” — an impetuous rush toward someone or something

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

fearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

feedingnounUS /ˈfiːdɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Good or bad, he must know the truth.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Good or bad, he must know the truth.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Good or bad, he must know the truth.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Good or bad, he must know the truth.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

promptlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

quietedverbUS /ˈkwaɪətɪd/

past form of “quiet” — become quiet or quieter

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

ramsnounUS /ræmz/

plural of “ram” — the most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For they had become necessary to him, perhaps more necessary than he to them.

tossedverbUS /tɔːst/

past form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

tracksnounUS /træks/

plural of “track” — a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Good or bad, he must know the truth.

Turgen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading That night Turgen could sleep little, but tossed and turned in anxiety lest his charges desert him.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading His fears were promptly quieted when he saw the rams’ fresh tracks in the clearing.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The next morning he rose early and hurried to the feeding ground with a generous supply of grass.

Chapter 12 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The defender contain?

Chapter 12 holds 59 sentences of The defender, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The defender?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The defender

Common questions about reading The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The defender?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The defender is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The defender take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The defender section by section

How to work through The defender section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The defender

Words and structures a reader meets early in The defender, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.