Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The defender
The defender

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The defender is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The defender
Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Since that day many years have passed.
Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.
Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.
The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.
Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The defender

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The defender is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Since that day many years have passed.
/sɪns ðæt deɪ ˈmeni jɪrz hæv pæst/
Line 2
Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.
Line 3
Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.
/welθ wɑːz ˈnevər ðerz bʌt ðeɪ hæd ɪˈnʌf fɔːr ðer wɑːnts ənd ˈeni ˈvɪzɪtər wɑːz əˈʃʊrd ʌv ə ˈwelkəm pleɪs baɪ ðer ˈfaɪər/
Line 4
The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.
Line 5
Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assured adjective US /əˈʃʊrd/

marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence

From this reading “Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.”

behavior noun US /bɪˈheɪvjər/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading “The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.”

forgiveness noun US /fərˈɡɪvnəs/

compassionate feelings that support a willingness to forgive

From this reading “Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.”

guilt noun US /ɡɪlt/

the state of having committed an offense

From this reading “The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.”

increased adjective US /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading “Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.”

theirs pronoun US /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading “Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.”

visitor noun US /ˈvɪzɪtər/

someone who visits

From this reading “Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.”

well-being noun US /ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/

a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous

From this reading “Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

beg forgiveness verb + noun

In this reading “Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “Since that day many years have passed.”

grow up verb + adjective

become an adult

In this reading “Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.”

make up verb + adjective

form or compose

In this reading “The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

assuredadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrd/

marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

begverbUS /beɡ/

call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

behaviornounUS /bɪˈheɪvjər/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Since that day many years have passed.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

forgivenessnounUS /fərˈɡɪvnəs/

compassionate feelings that support a willingness to forgive

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

guiltnounUS /ɡɪlt/

the state of having committed an offense

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Since that day many years have passed.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Since that day many years have passed.

Marfa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Since that day many years have passed.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

shamanistadjective

of or relating to shamanism

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since that day many years have passed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Since that day many years have passed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

theirspronounUS /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

Turgen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Even the shamanist, now very old, came one day to beg forgiveness.

visitornounUS /ˈvɪzɪtər/

someone who visits

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

wantsnounUS /wɑːnts/

plural of “want” — a state of extreme poverty

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

WealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Wealth was never theirs, but they had enough for their wants, and any visitor was assured of a welcome place by their fire.

well-beingnounUS /ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/

a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous

From this reading Turgen and Marfa saw the children grow up, and as the children grew their own well-being increased.

Yakuts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Yakuts, conscious of their guilt before Turgen, did their best to make up for their past behavior and show their respect.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Since that day many years have passed.

Chapter 31 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff holds 29 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The defender contain?

Chapter 31 holds 29 sentences of The defender, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 29 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The defender?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The defender

Common questions about reading The defender by Nicholas Kalashnikoff on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The defender?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The defender is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The defender take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The defender section by section

How to work through The defender section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The defender to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The defender

Words and structures a reader meets early in The defender, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The defender, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.