Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

Having no one else present.

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

a person who is in charge

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

sorrow for sin arising from fear of damnation

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

full of events or incidents

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

the act of departing

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

impressive in appearance

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

a formal command or admonition

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

in a literal sense

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

morally or legally constraining or binding

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

on one occasion

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

possible but not necessary; left to personal choice

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

remorse for your past conduct

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

showing or constituting penance

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

a message that helps you remember something

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

incapable of or resistant to bending

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

a garment made of coarse sacking; formerly worn as an indication of remorse

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

express in words

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

the trait of keeping things secret

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

plural of “shaman” — in societies practicing shamanism: one acting as a medium between the visible and spirit worlds; practices sorcery for healing or divination

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

in the near future

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

express in speech

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore the Hishtanyi Chayan had said that he was going to speak to the leading penitents at once.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The three caciques, however, and the chief medicine-men had to retire and begin rigorous penitential ceremonies.

a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Some of the fathers of the tribe, however, took the matter so much to heart that they obeyed the injunction of the great medicine-men literally, and took to sackcloth and ashes as soon as they reached home.

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

past form of “warn” — notify of danger, potential harm, or risk

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

at the time that

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When, at the close of the eventful meeting of the council at which the accusation against Shotaye and Say Koitza had fallen like a thunderbolt upon the minds of all present, the principal shamans warned the members of that council to keep strict silence and to fast or pray, that reminder was not to be understood as imposing on them the obligation of rigid penitence.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Secrecy alone was obligatory; it remained optional with each how far he would carry his contrition.