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The Deluge — Vol. 1
The Deluge — Vol. 1

Chapter XXXIII

Chapter 33 of The Deluge — Vol. 1 is here in full — 222 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
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Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.
First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.
Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.
Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.
Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Deluge — Vol. 1

Chapter XXXIII

Chapter 33 of The Deluge — Vol. 1 is here in full — 222 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.
Line 2
First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.
Line 3
Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.
Line 4
Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.
Line 5
Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confederates noun US /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.”

connections noun US /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading “Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.”

dependence noun US /dɪˈpendəns/

the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else

From this reading “Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.”

Lithuanian noun US /ˌlɪθəˈweɪniən/

a native or inhabitant of Lithuania

From this reading “Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.”

magnate noun US /ˈmæɡnət/

a very wealthy or powerful businessman

From this reading “Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.”

reinforcements noun US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading “First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.”

Swedes noun US /swiːdz/

plural of “swede” — a native or inhabitant of Sweden

From this reading “Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.”

Swedish adjective US /ˈswiːdɪʃ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Sweden or its people or culture or language

From this reading “First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

de la noun + noun

In this reading “First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.”

ready money adjective + noun

money in the form of cash that is readily available

In this reading “Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.”

various reasons adjective + noun counted as “various reason”

In this reading “Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

bondsnounUS /bɑːndz/

plural of “bond” — an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

compareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

confederatesnounUS /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

connectionsnounUS /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

delayedadjectiveUS /dɪˈleɪd/

not as far along as normal in development

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

denyverbUS /dɪˈnaɪ/

declare untrue; contradict

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

dependencenounUS /dɪˈpendəns/

the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

estatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

Gardie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

generalsnounUS /ˈdʒenərəlz/

plural of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

greatnessnounUS /ˈɡreɪtnəs/

the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

Kmita

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

Kyedani

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

LithuaniannounUS /ˌlɪθəˈweɪniən/

a native or inhabitant of Lithuania

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

magnatenounUS /ˈmæɡnət/

a very wealthy or powerful businessman

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

Podlyasye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

Pontusnoun

(Greek mythology) ancient personification of the sea; father of Nereus

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

portioned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

prince'snounUS /ˈprɪnsɪz/

possessive form of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

Radzivill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

Radzivill's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

reinforcementsnounUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

relationshipnounUS /riˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

a relation between people; (“relationship” is often used where “relation” would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of “relationship” is for human relations or states of relatedness)

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

superioritynounUS /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

SwedesnounUS /swiːdz/

plural of “swede” — a native or inhabitant of Sweden

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

SwedishadjectiveUS /ˈswiːdɪʃ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Sweden or its people or culture or language

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

treasurynounUS /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

Volodyovski

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Radzivill did not need reinforcements to defeat the confederates, since for that he had forces enough of his own; but the Swedes were necessary to him for the reasons mentioned by Kmita in his letter to Volodyovski.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Now, when by the turn of fortune Radzivill was dependent on Pontus, the general could not deny himself the pleasure of making that lord feel his dependence and the superiority of De la Gardie.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading First, he was waiting for the Swedish reinforcements, which Pontus de la Gardie delayed by design.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Although bonds of relationship connected the Swedish general with the king himself, he could not compare in greatness of family, in importance, in extensive connections by blood, with that Lithuanian magnate; and as to fortune, though at that time there was no ready money in Radzivill's treasury, all the Swedish generals might have been portioned with one half of the prince's estates and consider themselves wealthy.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Radzivill would have fallen on Podlyasye long before, had not various reasons held him back in Kyedani.

Chapter 33 of The Deluge — Vol. 1 by Henryk Sienkiewicz holds 222 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 33 of The Deluge — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 33 holds 222 sentences of The Deluge — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 33 of The Deluge — Vol. 1 by Henryk Sienkiewicz exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 222 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 33 of The Deluge — Vol. 1?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 33 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 33 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Deluge — Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Deluge — Vol. 1 by Henryk Sienkiewicz on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Deluge — Vol. 1?

Yes. All 13187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37198 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Deluge — Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37198, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Deluge — Vol. 1 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2638 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Deluge — Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Deluge — Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Deluge — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Deluge — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Diphthong
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Deluge — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represented
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Deluge — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Deluge — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Above
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Deluge — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.