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The Desert of Wheat
The Desert of Wheat

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Desert of Wheat is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.
In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.
Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.
Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.
Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Desert of Wheat

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Desert of Wheat is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.
Line 2
In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.
/ɪn ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ mænz ˈstrʌɡəl wɑːz fɔːr laɪf ənd ðə ˈmeɪnsteɪ ʌv laɪf wɑːz fuːd/
Line 3
Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.
/pərˈhæps ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl dɪˈskʌvərər ʌv wiːt wɑːz ə ˈmiːtiːtɪŋ ˈsævədʒ huː ɪn ˈroʊmɪŋ ðə ˈfɔːrəsts ənd fiːldz fɔːrst baɪ stɑːrˈveɪʃən tuː iːt bɑːrk ənd plænt ənd ˈberi keɪm əˈpɑːn ə stɔːk ʌv ɡreɪn ðæt tʃuːd wɪð streɪndʒ ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/
Line 4
Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.
/pərˈhæps θruː ðæt ˈæksədənt hiː bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈsoʊər ʌv wiːt/
Line 5
Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.
/huː ˈæktʃuːəli wɜːr ðə fɜːrst ˈsoʊərz ʌv wiːt wʊd ˈnevər biː noʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chewed verb US /tʃuːd/

past form of “chew” — chew (food); to bite and grind with the teeth

From this reading “Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.”

discoverer noun US /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.”

mainstay noun US /ˈmeɪnsteɪ/

a prominent supporter

From this reading “In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.”

meat-eating adjective US /ˈmiːtiːtɪŋ/

(of animals) carnivorous

From this reading “Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.”

roaming verb US /ˈroʊmɪŋ/

-ing form of “roam” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading “Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.”

sower noun US /ˈsoʊər/

someone who sows

From this reading “Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.”

sowers noun US /ˈsoʊərz/

plural of “sower” — someone who sows

From this reading “Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.”

trenchant adjective US /ˈtrentʃənt/

having keenness and forcefulness and penetration in thought, expression, or intellect

From this reading “Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

berrynounUS /ˈberi/

any of numerous small and pulpy edible fruits; used as desserts or in making jams and jellies and preserves

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

chewedverbUS /tʃuːd/

past form of “chew” — chew (food); to bite and grind with the teeth

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

discoverernounUS /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

Dorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

Lenore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

mainstaynounUS /ˈmeɪnsteɪ/

a prominent supporter

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

meat-eatingadjectiveUS /ˈmiːtiːtɪŋ/

(of animals) carnivorous

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

roamingverbUS /ˈroʊmɪŋ/

-ing form of “roam” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

romancenounUS /roʊˈmæns/

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

sowernounUS /ˈsoʊər/

someone who sows

From this reading Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.

sowersnounUS /ˈsoʊərz/

plural of “sower” — someone who sows

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

stalkverbUS /stɔːk/

walk stiffly

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

starvationnounUS /stɑːrˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading In the beginning man's struggle was for life and the mainstay of life was food.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Perhaps through that accident he became a sower of wheat.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

trenchantadjectiveUS /ˈtrentʃənt/

having keenness and forcefulness and penetration in thought, expression, or intellect

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

wheatnounUS /wiːt/

annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Lenore told her conception of the history and the romance of wheat to Dorn at this critical time when it was necessary to give a trenchant call to hope and future.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Perhaps the original discoverer of wheat was a meat-eating savage who, in roaming the forests and fields, forced by starvation to eat bark and plant and berry, came upon a stalk of grain that chewed with strange satisfaction.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Who actually were the first sowers of wheat would never be known.

Chapter 31 of The Desert of Wheat by Zane Grey holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Desert of Wheat contain?

Chapter 31 holds 109 sentences of The Desert of Wheat, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Desert of Wheat by Zane Grey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Desert of Wheat?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Desert of Wheat

Common questions about reading The Desert of Wheat by Zane Grey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Desert of Wheat?

Yes. All 9875 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10201 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Desert of Wheat is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10201, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Desert of Wheat take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1975 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Desert of Wheat section by section

How to work through The Desert of Wheat section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Desert of Wheat to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Desert of Wheat

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Desert of Wheat, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

We've
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Desert of Wheat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sixteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Desert of Wheat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Desert of Wheat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Acres
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Desert of Wheat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.