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The Destroyer
The Destroyer

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of The Destroyer is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Destroyer
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.
Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.
For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.
But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!
The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Destroyer

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of The Destroyer is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.
/ˈstræsbɔːrɡ ə maɪl ɔːr tuː bæk frʌm ðə raɪn ɑːn ðə bæŋks ʌv ðə ɪl stændz ðə fer ˈsɪti ʌv ˈstræsbɔːrɡ/
Line 2
Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.
/wʌns ʃiː wɑːz praʊd æz wel æz fer bʌt hɜːr praɪd hæz bɪn treɪld ɪn ðə dʌst/
Line 3
For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.
Line 4
But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!
Line 5
The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.
/ðə ˈoʊldəst pɑːrt ʌv ðə taʊn hæz tʃeɪndʒd bʌt ˈlɪtəl wɪð ðə ˈsentʃəriz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comers noun US /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

conqueror noun US /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

core noun US /kɔːr/

a small group of indispensable persons or things

From this reading “But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!”

defending adjective US /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

lash verb US /læʃ/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

Rhine noun US /raɪn/

United States parapsychologist (1895-1980)

From this reading “STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.”

strasbourg noun US /ˈstræsbɔːrɡ/

city on the Rhine in eastern France near the German border; an inland port

From this reading “STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.”

trailed verb US /treɪld/

past form of “trail” — to lag or linger behind

From this reading “Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

forty years adjective + noun

In this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

all comers adjective + noun counted as “all comer”

In this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

very core adjective + noun

In this reading “But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!”

on the banks preposition + article + noun counted as “on … banks”

In this reading “STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.”

four centuries noun + noun counted as “four century”

In this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

two centuries noun + noun counted as “two century”

In this reading “For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

bowedadjectiveUS /baʊd/

of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

comersnounUS /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

conquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

corenounUS /kɔːr/

a small group of indispensable persons or things

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

defendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

IlladjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

lashverbUS /læʃ/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.

loveliest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

MilenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

oldestadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldəst/

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

OnceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

RhinenounUS /raɪn/

United States parapsychologist (1895-1980)

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

STRASBOURGnounUS /ˈstræsbɔːrɡ/

city on the Rhine in eastern France near the German border; an inland port

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.

trailedverbUS /treɪld/

past form of “trail” — to lag or linger behind

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading STRASBOURG A Mile or two back from the Rhine, on the banks of the Ill, stands the fair city of Strasbourg.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But she is French still--French to the very core of her; and though her hands are bound, her soul is free!

virgin-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Once she was proud as well as fair; but her pride has been trailed in the dust.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The oldest part of the town has changed but little with the centuries.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For four centuries a free city, defending herself virgin-like against all comers, for two centuries more the happy capital of the loveliest of French provinces, she has borne for forty years the chain of the conqueror and bowed her head beneath the lash.

Chapter 32 of The Destroyer by Burton Egbert Stevenson holds 213 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of The Destroyer contain?

Chapter 32 holds 213 sentences of The Destroyer, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of The Destroyer by Burton Egbert Stevenson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 213 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of The Destroyer?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 32 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Destroyer

Common questions about reading The Destroyer by Burton Egbert Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Destroyer?

Yes. All 6504 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29629 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Destroyer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29629, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Destroyer take to read?

About 542 minutes of reading across 1301 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Destroyer section by section

How to work through The Destroyer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of The Destroyer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Destroyer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Destroyer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Destroyer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Holladay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Destroyer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marathon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Destroyer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mystery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Destroyer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.