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The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1
The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1 is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
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It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.
The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.
It is from Evelina.”
His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.
He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1 is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.
Line 2
The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.
/ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈpæsədʒ wɑːz ˈrɪtən bɪˈfɔːr ʃiː bɪˈkeɪm ˈɪntəmət wɪð ˈdʒɑːnsən/
Line 3
It is fromEvelina.”
Line 4
His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.
Line 5
He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.
/hiː dɪsˈdeɪnz hɪz ˈfɑːðər fɔːr hɪz kloʊs əˈtenʃən tuː ˈbɪznəs ənd lʌv ʌv ˈmʌni ðoʊ hiː siːmz hɪmˈself tuː hæv noʊ ˈtælənts ˈspɪrət ɔːr ˌdʒenərˈɑːsəti tuː meɪk hɪm suːˈpɪriər tuː ˈiːðər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consists verb US /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading ““His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.”

differed verb US /ˈdɪfərd/

past form of “differ” — be different

From this reading “It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.”

disdains noun US /dɪsˈdeɪnz/

plural of “disdain” — lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading “He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.”

overgrown adjective US /ˌoʊvərˈɡroʊn/

covered with growing plants

From this reading ““His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.”

schoolboy noun US /ˈskuːlbɔɪ/

a boy attending school

From this reading ““His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.”

specimens noun US /ˈspesəmənz/

plural of “specimen” — an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading “It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.”

styles noun US /staɪlz/

plural of “style” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.”

weaker adjective US /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading ““His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

D'Arblay's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

differedverbUS /ˈdɪfərd/

past form of “differ” — be different

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

disdainsnounUS /dɪsˈdeɪnz/

plural of “disdain” — lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

disturbancenounUS /dɪˈstɜːrbəns/

activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

Evelina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is from “Evelina.”

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

gaietynoun

a gay feeling

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

generositynounUS /ˌdʒenərˈɑːsəti/

the trait of being willing to give your money or time

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

intimateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntəmət/

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

mirthnounUS /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

overgrownadjectiveUS /ˌoʊvərˈɡroʊn/

covered with growing plants

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

schoolboynounUS /ˈskuːlbɔɪ/

a boy attending school

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

specimensnounUS /ˈspesəmənz/

plural of “specimen” — an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

stylesnounUS /staɪlz/

plural of “style” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He disdains his father for his close attention to business and love of money, though he seems himself to have no talents, spirit or generosity to make him superior to either.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

weakeradjectiveUS /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “His son seems weaker in his understanding and more gay in his temper; but his gaiety is that of a foolish, overgrown schoolboy, whose mirth consists in noise and disturbance.

widelyadverbUS /ˈwaɪdli/

to a great degree

From this reading It is only by means of specimens that we can enable our readers to judge how widely Madame D'Arblay's three styles differed from each other.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The following passage was written before she became intimate with Johnson.

Chapter 3 of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1 by Fanny Burney holds 397 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 397 sentences of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1 by Fanny Burney exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 397 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #5826, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Notes
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Prefaced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macaulay's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.