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The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne
The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MELBOURNE.
Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.
The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.
These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.
Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MELBOURNE.
/ˈmelbərn/
Line 2
Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.
/ˈmelbərn kənˈsɪsts ʌv tuː ˈpɔːrʃənz ˈoʊldər ənd ˈnuːər/
Line 3
The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.
Line 4
These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.
Line 5
Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

flatten verb US /ˈflætən/

make flat or flatter

From this reading “These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.”

flows noun US /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading “These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.”

melbourne noun US /ˈmelbərn/

a resort town in east central Florida

From this reading “MELBOURNE.”

newer adjective US /ˈnuːər/

comparative of “new” — not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading “Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.”

portions noun US /ˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “portion” — something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading “Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.”

ridges noun US /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading “The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.”

slower adverb US /ˈsloʊər/

more slowly

From this reading “The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.”

thoroughfare noun US /ˈθɜːroʊfer/

a public road from one place to another

From this reading “Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

main thoroughfare adjective + noun

In this reading “Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.”

runs along verb + particle counted as “run along”

be in line with; form a line along

In this reading “Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.”

between two preposition + noun

In this reading “The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.”

lies between verb + particle counted as “lie between”

In this reading “The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.”

consists of verb + particle counted as “consist of”

In this reading “Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.”

south ends noun + noun counted as “south end”

In this reading “These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.”

along the bottom preposition + article + noun counted as “along … bottom”

In this reading “Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

broad-browed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.

Diggingsnoun

an excavation for ore or precious stones or for archaeology

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

flattenverbUS /ˈflætən/

make flat or flatter

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

highwaynounUS /ˈhaɪweɪ/

a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

MELBOURNEnounUS /ˈmelbərn/

a resort town in east central Florida

From this reading MELBOURNE.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

neweradjectiveUS /ˈnuːər/

comparative of “new” — not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

portionsnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “portion” — something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.

ridgesnounUS /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

sloweradverbUS /ˈsloʊər/

more slowly

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

thoroughfarenounUS /ˈθɜːroʊfer/

a public road from one place to another

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Melbourne consists of two portions, older and newer.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The former, which grew much slower than the latter, lies between two low, irregular, broad-browed ridges.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Elizabeth Street, the main thoroughfare of Melbourne, runs along the bottom of the valley between these ridges, and in line with it is now the highway to the Diggings in the north.

Yarra-Yarra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These are of no great length, and flatten out their south ends on the Yarra-Yarra river which here flows westward in front of them.

Chapter 7 of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne by James Armour holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne contain?

Chapter 7 holds 68 sentences of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne by James Armour exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne

Common questions about reading The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne by James Armour on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne?

Yes. All 829 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57498 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57498, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne take to read?

About 69 minutes of reading across 166 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne section by section

How to work through The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reminiscences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wanderings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Diggings, the Bush and Melbourne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.