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The Discovery of Guiana
The Discovery of Guiana

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Discovery of Guiana is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.
Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.
His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.
Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.
He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Discovery of Guiana

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Discovery of Guiana is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.
/sɜːr ˈwɔːltər ˈrɔːli meɪ biː ˈteɪkən æz ðə ɡreɪt ˈtɪpəkəl ˈfɪɡjər ʌv ðə eɪdʒ ʌv ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/
Line 2
Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.
/ˈkɔːrtiər ənd ˈsteɪtsmən ˈsoʊldʒər ənd ˈseɪlər ˈsaɪəntɪst ənd mæn ʌv ˈletərz hiː enˈɡeɪdʒd ɪn ˈɔːlmoʊst ɔːl ðə meɪn laɪnz ʌv ˈpʌblɪk ækˈtɪvəti ɪn hɪz taɪm ənd wɑːz dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt ɪn ðem ɔːl/
Line 3
His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.
/hɪz ˈfɑːðər wɑːz ə dɪˈvɑːnʃaɪr ˈdʒentəlmən ʌv ˈprɑːpərti kəˈnektɪd wɪð ˈmeni ʌv ðə dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt ˈfæməliz ʌv ðə saʊθ ʌv ˈɪŋɡlənd/
Line 4
Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.
Line 5
He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Courtier noun US /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading “Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.”

Devonshire noun US /dɪˈvɑːnʃaɪr/

a county in southwestern England

From this reading “His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.”

expeditions noun US /ˌekspəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “expedition” — a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading “He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.”

Huguenot noun US /ˈhjuːɡənɑːt/

a French Calvinist of the 16th or 17th centuries

From this reading “He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.”

Raleigh noun US /ˈrɔːli/

English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)

From this reading “Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.”

scientist noun US /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading “Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.”

statesman noun US /ˈsteɪtsmən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading “Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.”

typical adjective US /ˈtɪpəkəl/

exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category

From this reading “Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1552

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.

1569

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

1578

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

CourtiernounUS /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

DevonshirenounUS /dɪˈvɑːnʃaɪr/

a county in southwestern England

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

expeditionsnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “expedition” — a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

half-brothernoun

a brother who has only one parent in common with you

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

HuguenotnounUS /ˈhjuːɡənɑːt/

a French Calvinist of the 16th or 17th centuries

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

Humphrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading Walter was born about 1552 and was educated at Oxford.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

RaleighnounUS /ˈrɔːli/

English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

sailornounUS /ˈseɪlər/

any member of a ship's crew

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

scientistnounUS /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading He first saw military service in the Huguenot army in France in 1569, and in 1578 engaged, with his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in the first of his expeditions against the Spaniards.

statesmannounUS /ˈsteɪtsmən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

typicaladjectiveUS /ˈtɪpəkəl/

exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

WalternounUS /ˈwɔːltər/

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading Sir Walter Raleigh may be taken as the great typical figure of the age of Elizabeth.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Courtier and statesman, soldier and sailor, scientist and man of letters, he engaged in almost all the main lines of public activity in his time, and was distinguished in them all.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His father was a Devonshire gentleman of property, connected with many of the distinguished families of the south of England.

Chapter 1 of The Discovery of Guiana by Walter Raleigh holds 83 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Discovery of Guiana contain?

Chapter 1 holds 83 sentences of The Discovery of Guiana, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Discovery of Guiana by Walter Raleigh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 83 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Discovery of Guiana?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Discovery of Guiana

Common questions about reading The Discovery of Guiana by Walter Raleigh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Discovery of Guiana?

Yes. All 710 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2272 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Discovery of Guiana is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2272, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Discovery of Guiana take to read?

About 59 minutes of reading across 142 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Discovery of Guiana section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Discovery of Guiana

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Discovery of Guiana, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Walter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Discovery of Guiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Raleigh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Discovery of Guiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Discovery of Guiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Discovery of Guiana; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.