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The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)
The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) is here in full — 71 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.
EARLY FRIENDSHIP.
COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.
YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.
A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) is here in full — 71 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.
/ðə ˈdɑːktərz kənˈtempəreriz æt ˈlaɪdən/
Line 2
EARLY FRIENDSHIP.
/ˈɜːrli ˈfrendʃɪp/
Line 3
COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.
Line 4
YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.
/ˈjuːθfəl kəˈnekʃənz ˈluːsənd ɪn ðə ˈkɑːmən kɔːrs ʌv θɪŋz/
Line 5
A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

connections noun US /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading “YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.”

contemporaries noun US /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.”

corrected adjective US /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading “COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.”

corrupted adjective US /kərˈʌptɪd/

containing errors or alterations

From this reading “COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.”

dispositions noun US /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “disposition” — your usual mood

From this reading “COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.”

fragment noun US /ˈfræɡ.mənt/

A small part broken or separated off something larger.

From this reading “A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.”

leyden noun US /ˈlaɪdən/

a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620

From this reading “THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.”

loosened adjective US /ˈluːsənd/

straightened out

From this reading “YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.”

All words in this reading · 37

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.

AREauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.

BEauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.

COMMONadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

CONNECTIONSnounUS /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

CONTEMPORARIESnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.

CORRECTEDadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

CORRUPTEDadjectiveUS /kərˈʌptɪd/

containing errors or alterations

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

COURSEnounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

COWPER'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

DISPOSITIONSnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “disposition” — your usual mood

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

DOCTOR'SnounUS /ˈdɑːktərz/

possessive form of “doctor” — a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading EARLY FRIENDSHIP.

EVILnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

FINEadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.

FRAGMENTnounUS /ˈfræɡ.mənt/

A small part broken or separated off something larger.

From this reading A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.

FRIENDSHIPnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading EARLY FRIENDSHIP.

GOODadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

LANDOR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.

LEYDENnounUS /ˈlaɪdən/

a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620

From this reading THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.

LIKELYadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

LOOSENEDadjectiveUS /ˈluːsənd/

straightened out

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

MELANCHOLYnounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

MOREadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

OBSERVATIONnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

ONESnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

THANconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

THATconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DOCTOR'S CONTEMPORARIES AT LEYDEN.

THINGSnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading COWPER'S MELANCHOLY OBSERVATION THAT GOOD DISPOSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CORRUPTED THAN EVIL ONES TO BE CORRECTED.

WALTERnounUS /ˈwɔːltər/

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading A FINE FRAGMENT BY WALTER LANDOR.

YOUTHFULadjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading YOUTHFUL CONNECTIONS LOOSENED IN THE COMMON COURSE OF THINGS.

Chapter 20 of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) by Robert Southey holds 71 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) contain?

Chapter 20 holds 71 sentences of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7), unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 71 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)

Common questions about reading The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) by Robert Southey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) section by section

How to work through The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The doctor, &c., vol. 3 (of 7), divided into 5-sentence reading sections.