Chapter II · Chapter 2

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

third-person singular of “breathe” — draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

plural of “elbow” — hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

opinion or judgment

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

make glad or happy

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

made joyful

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

the act of grasping

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

plural of “hoof” — the foot of an ungulate mammal

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

superlative of “light” — of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

above and across; more than

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

superlative of “pale” — very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

past form of “peep” — look furtively

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

completely neat and clean

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

successive (without a break)

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

past form of “stream” — to extend, wave or float outward, as if in the wind

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

in a softened tone

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

past form of “view” — deem to be

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

in a hearty manner

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading The roads rang under the horses' hoofs, and every wayside ditch and runlet was a street of ice.

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading The snow had ceased to fall, but for a week a hard frost had held the country side in its iron grip.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The sky was of the lightest palest blue, and the morning sun, shining through the distant fog-wreaths of Birmingham, struck a subdued glow from the broad-spread snow fields which might have gladdened the eyes of an artist.

which person or people

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.

without or almost without wind

From this reading Over the long undulating landscape the red brick houses peeped out warmly against the spotless background, and the lines of grey smoke streamed straight up into the windless air.

in the company of; together with

From this reading It did gladden the heart of one who viewed it that morning from the summit of the gently-curving Tamfield Hill Robert McIntyre stood with his elbows upon a gate-rail, his Tam-o'-Shanter hat over his eyes, and a short briar-root pipe in his mouth, looking slowly about him, with the absorbed air of one who breathes his fill of Nature.