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The Downfall
The Downfall

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Downfall is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Downfall
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.
He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.
Why should he not?
Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?
Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Downfall

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Downfall is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.
Line 2
He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.
/hiː ˈlɪsənd naʊ əˈpruːvɪŋli tuː kruːd ˈfænsiz ðæt wʊd ˈfɔːrmərli hæv brɔːt ə smaɪl ʌv kənˈtempt tuː hɪz lɪps/
Line 3
Why should he not?
/waɪ ʃʊd hiː nɑːt/
Line 4
Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?
Line 5
Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?
/wɑːz ɪt ənˈriːznəbəl tuː lʊk fɔːr ðə mərˈækjələs wen hɪz wɜːrld wɑːz ˈfɑːlɪŋ ɪn ˈruːənz əˈbaʊt hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approvingly adverb US /əˈpruːvɪŋli/

in an approving manner

From this reading “He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.”

barren adjective US /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading “Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.”

crude adjective US /kruːd/

not carefully or expertly made

From this reading “He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.”

distrust noun US /dɪˈstrʌst/

doubt about someone's honesty

From this reading “Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.”

malady noun US /ˈmælədi/

any unwholesome or desperate condition

From this reading “Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.”

miraculous adjective US /mərˈækjələs/

being or having the character of a miracle

From this reading “Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?”

speculation noun US /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.”

unreasonable adjective US /ənˈriːznəbəl/

not reasonable; not showing good judgment

From this reading “Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

31st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

approvinglyadverbUS /əˈpruːvɪŋli/

in an approving manner

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?

crudeadjectiveUS /kruːd/

not carefully or expertly made

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

distrustnounUS /dɪˈstrʌst/

doubt about someone's honesty

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

fanciesnounUS /ˈfænsiz/

plural of “fancy” — something many people believe that is false

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

imbecilitynoun

retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot

From this reading Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

JustadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

maladynounUS /ˈmælədi/

any unwholesome or desperate condition

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

Maurice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

miraculousadjectiveUS /mərˈækjələs/

being or having the character of a miracle

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Why should he not?

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Why should he not?

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

speculationnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

unreasonableadjectiveUS /ənˈriːznəbəl/

not reasonable; not showing good judgment

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

victimnounUS /ˈvɪktəm/

an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady of distrust and barren speculation.

Wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why should he not?

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Was it unreasonable to look for the miraculous when his world was falling in ruins about him?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly have brought a smile of contempt to his lips.

Chapter 21 of The Downfall by Émile Zola holds 425 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Downfall contain?

Chapter 21 holds 425 sentences of The Downfall, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Downfall by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 425 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Downfall?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Downfall

Common questions about reading The Downfall by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Downfall?

Yes. All 9053 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13851 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Downfall is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13851, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Downfall take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1811 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Downfall section by section

How to work through The Downfall section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Downfall to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Downfall

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Downfall, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Middle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Broad
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fertile
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.