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The Downfall (La Débâcle)
The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) is here in full — 462 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.
By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.
They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.
When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.
The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) is here in full — 462 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.
Line 2
By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.
Line 3
They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.
Line 4
When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.
Line 5
The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...
/ðə ˈleɪbər ʌv ˈriːdɪŋ ʌp ɔːl ðæt hæz bɪn ˈrɪtən ɑːn maɪ səbˈdʒekt ɪn ˈdʒenərəl ənd ɑːn ðə ˈbætəl ʌv səˈdæn ɪn pərˈtɪkjələr hæz bɪn ɪˈnɔːrməs ənd ðə wɜːrk ʌv ˌkɑːndənˈseɪʃən ʌv ɔːl ðæt aɪ hæv hæd tuː red hæz bɪn ɔːl ðə mɔːr ləˈbɔːriəs ðæt ɑːn noʊ səbˈdʒekt hæz mɔːr daɪˈvɜːrdʒəns ʌv əˈpɪnjən bɪn ɪkˈsprest/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

condensation noun US /ˌkɑːndənˈseɪʃən/

(psychoanalysis) an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams

From this reading “The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...”

divergence noun US /daɪˈvɜːrdʒəns/

the act of moving away in different direction from a common point

From this reading “The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...”

interviewed verb US /ˈɪntərvjuːd/

past form of “interview” — conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting

From this reading “Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.”

laborious adjective US /ləˈbɔːriəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading “The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...”

purport verb US /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming

From this reading “Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.”

Sedan noun US /səˈdæn/

a car that is closed and that has front and rear seats and two or four doors

From this reading “The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...”

translator noun US /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading “By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.”

Zola noun US /ˈzoʊlə/

French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)

From this reading “Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

infinitely more adverb + adjective

In this reading “They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.”

particulars concerning adjective + noun counted as “particular concern”

In this reading “Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.”

purport of verb + particle

In this reading “Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.”

on the occasion preposition + article + noun counted as “on … occasion”

In this reading “By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.”

more trouble adjective + noun

In this reading “They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.”

appeared in verb + particle counted as “appear in”

In this reading “Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

appropriateverbUS /əˈproʊpriət/

give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

condensationnounUS /ˌkɑːndənˈseɪʃən/

(psychoanalysis) an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

courtesynounUS /ˈkɜːrtəsi/

a courteous or respectful or considerate act

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

divergencenounUS /daɪˈvɜːrdʒəns/

the act of moving away in different direction from a common point

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

Débâcle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

EchoverbUS /ˈekoʊ/

to say again or imitate

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

favoured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

immensitynoun

unusual largeness in size or extent or number

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

imposedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzd/

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

infinitelyadverbUS /ˈɪnfənətli/

without bounds

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

interviewedverbUS /ˈɪntərvjuːd/

past form of “interview” — conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

issuedverbUS /ˈɪʃuːd/

past form of “issue” — prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

journalnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

laboriousadjectiveUS /ləˈbɔːriəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

particularsnounUS /pərˈtɪkjələrz/

plural of “particular” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

prefacenounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

proprietornounUS /prəˈpraɪətər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

purportverbUS /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

remarksnounUS /rɪˈmɑːrks/

plural of “remark” — a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

republishverb

publish again

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

scopenounUS /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

SedannounUS /səˈdæn/

a car that is closed and that has front and rear seats and two or four doors

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

Sherard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

TimesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

translatornounUS /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

WeeklynounUS /ˈwiːkli/

a periodical that is published every week (or 52 issues per year)

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading They will be found to supply an appropriate preface to the story:-- '"La Débâcle" has given me infinitely more trouble than any of my previous works.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading When I began writing it, I had no conception of the immensity of the task which I had imposed on myself.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The labour of reading up all that has been written on my subject in general, and on the battle of Sedan in particular, has been enormous, and the work of condensation of all that I have had to read has been all the more laborious that on no subject has more divergence of opinion been expressed ...

ZolanounUS /ˈzoʊlə/

French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)

From this reading By the courtesy both of Mr. Sherard and of the proprietor of 'The Weekly Times,' the translator is here able to republish the remarks made by M. Zola on the occasion referred to.

Zola's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the present translation of M. Zola's novel, 'La Débâcle,' appeared in 'The Weekly Times and Echo,' in which it was originally issued, the author was interviewed for that journal by Mr. Robert H. Sherard, whom he favoured with some interesting particulars concerning the scope and purport of his narrative.

Chapter 1 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) by Émile Zola holds 462 sentences, grouped into 93 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 462 sentences of The Downfall (La Débâcle), unabridged, divided into 93 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 462 sentences, grouped into 93 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Downfall (La Débâcle)?

Work through the 93 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 93 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Common questions about reading The Downfall (La Débâcle) by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Downfall (La Débâcle)?

Yes. All 9533 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56799 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Downfall (La Débâcle) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56799, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Downfall (La Débâcle) take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1907 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Downfall (La Débâcle) section by section

How to work through The Downfall (La Débâcle) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Downfall (La Débâcle), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Zola's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.