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The Downfall (La Débâcle)
The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) is here in full — 348 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Downfall (La Débâcle)
Context Illustration Reading 1/69 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.
Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.
At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.
For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.
And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) is here in full — 348 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/69 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.
Line 2
Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.
Line 3
At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.
/æt faɪv əˈklɑːk ɪn ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ðə ˈsevənθ ˈɑːrmi kɔːr hæd nɑːt rəˈsiːvd ˈeni ˈkɑːrtrədʒəz/
Line 4
For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.
Line 5
And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

encumbered adjective US /enˈkʌmbərd/

loaded to excess or impeded by a heavy load

From this reading “For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.”

exhausting adjective US /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ/

having a debilitating effect

From this reading “For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.”

expanding verb US /ɪkˈspændɪŋ/

-ing form of “expand” — extend in one or more directions

From this reading “ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.”

jumble noun US /ˈdʒʌmbəl/

a confused multitude of things

From this reading “And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.”

requisitioned verb US /ˌrekwəˈzɪʃənd/

past form of “requisition” — make a formal request for official services

From this reading “And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.”

resuming verb US /rɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading “ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.”

torrential adjective US /tɔːˈrenʃəl/

relating to or resulting from the action of a torrent

From this reading “ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.”

vans noun US /vænz/

plural of “van” — any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading “And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

railway station noun + noun

terminal where trains load or unload passengers or goods

In this reading “For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.”

Army Corps noun + noun

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

In this reading “At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.”

hundred thousand noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the fifth power of ten

In this reading “ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.”

two days noun + noun

In this reading “For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.”

formed part adjective + noun

In this reading “And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.”

set out verb + adjective

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.”

thousand men noun + noun

In this reading “ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.”

march towards verb + particle

In this reading “Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

23

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

240,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

ammunitionnounUS /ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/

projectiles to be fired from a gun

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

artillerymen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

cartridgesnounUS /ˈkɑːrtrədʒəz/

plural of “cartridge” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical casing containing an explosive charge and a bullet; fired from a rifle or handgun

From this reading At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.

Châlons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

continuingadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

CorpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

DespiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

encumberedadjectiveUS /enˈkʌmbərd/

loaded to excess or impeded by a heavy load

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

exhaustingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ/

having a debilitating effect

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

expandingverbUS /ɪkˈspændɪŋ/

-ing form of “expand” — extend in one or more directions

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

fatiguenounUS /fəˈtiːɡ/

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

JeannounUS /dʒiːn/

a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

jumblenounUS /ˈdʒʌmbəl/

a confused multitude of things

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

ladenadjectiveUS /ˈleɪdən/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

lakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

MARCHverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

matériel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

Metz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.

removeverbUS /riˈmuːv/

remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

removingverbUS /riˈmuːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “remove” — remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

requisitionedverbUS /ˌrekwəˈzɪʃənd/

past form of “requisition” — make a formal request for official services

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

resumingverbUS /rɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

rumoursnounUS /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumour” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

SeventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading At five o'clock in the morning, the Seventh Army Corps had not received any cartridges.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

SPYverbUS /spaɪ/

catch sight of

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

thoroughadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːroʊ/

painstakingly careful and accurate

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

torrentialadjectiveUS /tɔːˈrenʃəl/

relating to or resulting from the action of a torrent

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

trainsnounUS /treɪnz/

plural of “train” — public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn by a locomotive

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

TuesdaynounUS /ˈtuːzdi/

the third day of the week; the second working day

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

UnknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading Despite the rumours current the evening before, it was a thorough surprise to many of the men to find that, instead of continuing their movement of retreat, they now had to turn their backs on Paris, and march towards the East--towards the Unknown.

vansnounUS /vænz/

plural of “van” — any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

vehiclesnounUS /ˈviːhɪkəlz/

plural of “vehicle” — a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ON THE MARCH--THE SPY The camp was raised on Tuesday, August 23, at six o'clock in the morning, and the hundred thousand men of the army of Châlons set out on the march, flowing away in an immense stream, like some human river resuming its torrential course after expanding for a time into a lake.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And it was only at the last moment that the vans laden with the ammunition were discovered among the fearful jumble of trains, and that a fatigue company, of which Jean formed part, was able to remove some 240,000 cartridges in hastily requisitioned vehicles.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For two days past the artillerymen had been exhausting themselves in removing their horses and _matériel_ from the railway station, which was encumbered with supplies sent back from Metz.

Chapter 4 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) by Émile Zola holds 348 sentences, grouped into 70 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 348 sentences of The Downfall (La Débâcle), unabridged, divided into 70 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Downfall (La Débâcle) by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 348 sentences, grouped into 70 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Downfall (La Débâcle)?

Work through the 70 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 70 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Common questions about reading The Downfall (La Débâcle) by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Downfall (La Débâcle)?

Yes. All 9533 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56799 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Downfall (La Débâcle) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56799, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Downfall (La Débâcle) take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1907 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Downfall (La Débâcle) section by section

How to work through The Downfall (La Débâcle) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Downfall (La Débâcle) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Downfall (La Débâcle)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Downfall (La Débâcle), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Zola's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Downfall (La Débâcle); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.