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The Dragon and the Raven
The Dragon and the Raven

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Dragon and the Raven is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.
The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.
It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.
These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.
The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Dragon and the Raven

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Dragon and the Raven is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.
Line 2
The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.
Line 3
It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.
/ɪt wɑːz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ tuː ˈɜːrθən bæŋks wɪð waɪd ˈdɪtʃəz/
Line 4
These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.
/ðiːz wɜːr ˈdiːpənd kənˈsɪdərəbli ənd ðə sloʊps wɜːr kʌt daʊn mɔːr ˈʃɑːrpli/
Line 5
The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ditches noun US /ˈdɪtʃəz/

plural of “ditch” — a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading “It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.”

earthen adjective US /ˈɜːrθən/

made of earth (or baked clay)

From this reading “It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.”

Egbert noun US /ˈeɡbərt/

king of Wessex whose military victories made Wessex the most powerful kingdom in England (died in 839)

From this reading “Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.”

expended verb US /ɪkˈspendɪd/

past form of “expend” — use up, consume fully

From this reading “Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.”

freemen noun US /ˈfriːmen/

plural of “freeman” — a person who is not a serf or a slave

From this reading “Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.”

masons noun US /ˈmeɪsənz/

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading “Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.”

revenues noun US /ˈrevənuːz/

plural of “revenue” — the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading “Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.”

widened verb US /ˈwaɪdənd/

past form of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading “The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

200

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

considerablyadverbUS /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

deepenedverbUS /ˈdiːpənd/

past form of “deepen” — make more intense, stronger, or more marked

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

ditchesnounUS /ˈdɪtʃəz/

plural of “ditch” — a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

earthenadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθən/

made of earth (or baked clay)

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

Edmund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

EgbertnounUS /ˈeɡbərt/

king of Wessex whose military victories made Wessex the most powerful kingdom in England (died in 839)

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

expendedverbUS /ɪkˈspendɪd/

past form of “expend” — use up, consume fully

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

freemennounUS /ˈfriːmen/

plural of “freeman” — a person who is not a serf or a slave

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

masonsnounUS /ˈmeɪsənz/

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

parallelogramnoun

a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are both parallel and equal in length

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

paymentnounUS /ˈpeɪmənt/

a sum of money paid or a claim discharged

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

revenuesnounUS /ˈrevənuːz/

plural of “revenue” — the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

sharplyadverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpli/

in an aggressive manner

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These were deepened considerably, and the slopes were cut down more sharply.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

widenedverbUS /ˈwaɪdənd/

past form of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading The inner bank was widened until it was 15 feet across the top.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was surrounded by two earthen banks with wide ditches.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Edmund and Egbert devoted most of their time to the building of the new fort, living very simply, and expended the whole of the revenues of the lands on the payment of the freemen and masons engaged upon the work.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading The Roman fort was a parallelogram, the sides being about 200 yards long, and the ends half that length.

Chapter 3 of The Dragon and the Raven by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 174 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Dragon and the Raven contain?

Chapter 3 holds 174 sentences of The Dragon and the Raven, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Dragon and the Raven by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 174 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Dragon and the Raven?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Dragon and the Raven

Common questions about reading The Dragon and the Raven by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Dragon and the Raven?

Yes. All 3150 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3674 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Dragon and the Raven is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3674, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Dragon and the Raven take to read?

About 262 minutes of reading across 630 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Dragon and the Raven section by section

How to work through The Dragon and the Raven section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Dragon and the Raven

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Dragon and the Raven, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Following
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dragon and the Raven; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dragon and the Raven; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dragon and the Raven; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dragon and the Raven; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.