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The Duke of Brittany
The Duke of Brittany

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Duke of Brittany is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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_Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.
“The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.
Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.
Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.
Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Duke of Brittany

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Duke of Brittany is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.
Line 2
“The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.
Line 3
Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.
Line 4
Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.
Line 5
Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brittany noun US /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading ““The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.”

Cambridge noun US /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading “_Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.”

Crusade noun US /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading “Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.”

disastrously adverb US /dɪˈzæstrəsli/

in a disastrous manner

From this reading “Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.”

eventful adjective US /ɪˈventfəl/

full of events or incidents

From this reading ““The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.”

leaders noun US /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading “Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.”

Translated verb US /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

Translator noun US /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Translated from verb + particle counted as “translate from”

In this reading “_Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.”

after the death preposition + article + noun counted as “after … death”

In this reading “Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1189

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

BrittanynounUS /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

ConstancenounUS /ˈkɑːnstəns/

a lake in southeastern Germany on the northern side of the Swiss Alps; forms part of the Rhine River

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

CrusadenounUS /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

disastrouslyadverbUS /dɪˈzæstrəsli/

in a disastrous manner

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

DuchessnounUS /ˈdʌtʃəs/

the wife of a duke or a woman holding ducal title in her own right

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

Eleanor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

eventfuladjectiveUS /ɪˈventfəl/

full of events or incidents

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

Geoffrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

Guienne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

heirnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

Henriette

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

Jeanrenaud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

Lion-hearted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

MemoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

PnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

Plantagenetnoun

the family name of a line of English kings that reigned from 1154 to 1485

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

PressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

SecondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

shortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading “The Duke of Brittany” is the story of the brief but eventful career of Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

surnamed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

ThirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

TranslatornounUS /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after the death of his father in 1189.

UPTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Translated from the German of Henriette Jeanrenaud_ BY GEORGE P. UPTON _Translator of “Memories,” etc._ The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Geoffrey was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Guienne.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Richard shortly afterward became one of the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously.

Chapter 1 of The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Duke of Brittany contain?

Chapter 1 holds 92 sentences of The Duke of Brittany, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Duke of Brittany?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Duke of Brittany

Common questions about reading The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Duke of Brittany?

Yes. All 1442 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60257 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Duke of Brittany is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60257, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Duke of Brittany take to read?

About 120 minutes of reading across 289 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Duke of Brittany section by section

How to work through The Duke of Brittany section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Duke of Brittany

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Duke of Brittany, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henriette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jeanrenaud
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.