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The Duke of Brittany
The Duke of Brittany

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Duke of Brittany is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.
Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.
All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.
They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.
Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Duke of Brittany

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Duke of Brittany is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.
Line 2
Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.
Line 3
All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.
/ɔːl əˈweɪtɪd ðə duːk ʌv ˈbrɪtəni wɪð ˈiːɡər ˈɪntrəst/
Line 4
They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.
/ðeɪ hæd hɜːrd soʊ mʌtʃ əˈbaʊt hɪm sɪns ðer ərˈaɪvəl ðæt ˈmeni ʌv ðem wɜːr ˈɡreɪtli sərˈpraɪzd ənd hæd bɪˈsiːdʒd ˈsælzbəri wɪð ˈkwestʃənz/
Line 5
Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.
/ˈmiːnwaɪl ˈsælzbəri hɪmˈself hæd nɑːt ˈventʃərd tuː siː ðə duːk æz ðə kɪŋ hæd ˈɪʃuːd ˈstrɪndʒənt ˈɔːrdərz ðæt noʊ wʌn ʃʊd biː ədˈmɪtɪd tuː hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

besieged adjective US /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading “They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.”

Bigot noun US /ˈbɪɡət/

a prejudiced person who is intolerant of any opinions differing from his own

From this reading “Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.”

Brittany noun US /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading “All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.”

commanders noun US /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.”

Essex noun US /ˈesɪks/

a county in southeastern England on the North Sea and the Thames estuary

From this reading “Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.”

Pembroke noun US /ˈpembroʊk/

the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail

From this reading “Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.”

Salisbury noun US /ˈsælzbəri/

the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe

From this reading “Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.”

stringent adjective US /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

demanding strict attention to rules and procedures

From this reading “Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greatly surprised adverb + adjective

In this reading “They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.”

following day adjective + noun

In this reading “King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.”

eager interest adjective + noun

In this reading “All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.”

great number adjective + noun

In this reading “Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.”

great hall adjective + noun

the principal hall in a castle or mansion; can be used for dining or entertainment

In this reading “King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.”

in attendance preposition + noun

In this reading “Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.”

old castle adjective + noun

In this reading “King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

attendancenounUS /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

awaitedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

BesidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

besiegedadjectiveUS /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

BigotnounUS /ˈbɪɡət/

a prejudiced person who is intolerant of any opinions differing from his own

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

BrittanynounUS /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.

EssexnounUS /ˈesɪks/

a county in southeastern England on the North Sea and the Thames estuary

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.

issuedverbUS /ˈɪʃuːd/

past form of “issue” — prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

LordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

Mirabeaunoun

French revolutionary who was prominent in the early days of the French Revolution (1749-1791)

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

PembrokenounUS /ˈpembroʊk/

the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

personages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

SalisburynounUS /ˈsælzbəri/

the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

stringentadjectiveUS /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

demanding strict attention to rules and procedures

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

venturedverbUS /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading Meanwhile Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great number.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading King John On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of Mirabeau.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest.

Chapter 18 of The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Duke of Brittany contain?

Chapter 18 holds 89 sentences of The Duke of Brittany, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Duke of Brittany?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Duke of Brittany

Common questions about reading The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Duke of Brittany?

Yes. All 1442 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60257 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Duke of Brittany is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60257, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Duke of Brittany take to read?

About 120 minutes of reading across 289 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Duke of Brittany

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Duke of Brittany, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henriette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jeanrenaud
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.