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The Duke of Brittany
The Duke of Brittany

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of The Duke of Brittany is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.
England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.
The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.
Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.
He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Duke of Brittany

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of The Duke of Brittany is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.
/ðə end ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈɑːrmi ˌɪnˈveɪdəd fræns əˈɡen ˈoʊnli tuː miːt wɪð dɪˈfiːt/
Line 2
England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.
/ˈɪŋɡlənd lɔːst boʊθ feɪm ənd pəˈzeʃənz ˈfɪləp ˈrestɪd ðə ˈlætər frʌm hɜːr/
Line 3
The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.
/ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən ʌv ˈbrɪtəni rʌʃt tuː ɑːrmz ˈæftər ˈɑːrθərz ˈmɜːrdər ənd droʊv ðə ˈenəmi aʊt ʌv ðer ˈkʌntri/
Line 4
Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.
Line 5
He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.
/hiː wʊd nɑːt ˈtɑːləreɪt ˈeni ˈfɔːrən ˈruːlər ənd enˈkɜːrɪdʒd ɔːl ˈklæsəz tuː meɪnˈteɪn ðer ˌɪndɪˈpendəns boʊθ əˈɡenst ˈɪŋɡlənd ənd fræns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arthur's noun US /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

avenge verb US /əˈvendʒ/

take revenge for a perceived wrong

From this reading “Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.”

Brittany noun US /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading “The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.”

incited verb US /ˌɪnˈsaɪtɪd/

past form of “incite” — give an incentive for action

From this reading “Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.”

invaded verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.”

ruler noun US /ˈruːlər/

a person who rules or commands

From this reading “He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.”

tolerate verb US /ˈtɑːləreɪt/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading “He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.”

wrested verb US /ˈrestɪd/

past form of “wrest” — obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading “England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

entire population adjective + noun

In this reading “The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.”

meet with verb + particle

In this reading “The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

Alan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

Arthur'snounUS /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

avengeverbUS /əˈvendʒ/

take revenge for a perceived wrong

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

BrittanynounUS /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

continuallyadverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəli/

seemingly without interruption

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

encouragedadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

EndnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

incitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪtɪd/

past form of “incite” — give an incentive for action

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

invadedverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

maintainverbUS /meɪnˈteɪn/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

murderverbUS /ˈmɜːrdər/

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

murderedadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərd/

killed unlawfully

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

possessionsnounUS /pəˈzeʃənz/

plural of “possession” — the act of having and controlling property

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

rousedverbUS /raʊzd/

past form of “rouse” — become active

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

rulernounUS /ˈruːlər/

a person who rules or commands

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

rushedadjectiveUS /rʌʃt/

done under pressure

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur’s murder, and drove the enemy out of their country.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Alan, their leader, continually roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered Duke.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

tolerateverbUS /ˈtɑːləreɪt/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The End The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all classes to maintain their independence both against England and France.

wrestedverbUS /ˈrestɪd/

past form of “wrest” — obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading England lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her.

Chapter 22 of The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud holds 73 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Duke of Brittany contain?

Chapter 22 holds 73 sentences of The Duke of Brittany, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 73 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Duke of Brittany?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Duke of Brittany

Common questions about reading The Duke of Brittany by Henriette Jeanrenaud on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Duke of Brittany?

Yes. All 1442 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60257 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Duke of Brittany is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60257, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Duke of Brittany take to read?

About 120 minutes of reading across 289 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Duke of Brittany section by section

How to work through The Duke of Brittany section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Duke of Brittany to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Duke of Brittany

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Duke of Brittany, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henriette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jeanrenaud
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke of Brittany; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.