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The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance
The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
VOLUNTEER II.
Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.
In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.
In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.
In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VOLUNTEER II.
Line 2
Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.
Line 3
In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.
Line 4
In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.
Line 5
In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.
/ɪn boʊθ ðiːz ˈkeɪsəz wɜːr ˈpreʃəs taɪm ənd ɪˈnɔːrməs ˈleɪbər θroʊn əˈweɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

causes noun US /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading “Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.”

currents noun US /ˈkɜːrənts/

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading “In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.”

dragging adjective US /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading “In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.”

openings noun US /ˈoʊpənɪŋz/

plural of “opening” — an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading “In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.”

spectator noun US /ˈspekteɪtər/

a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading “Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.”

swam verb US /swæm/

inflected form of “swim” — travel through water

From this reading “In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.”

towed verb US /toʊd/

past form of “tow” — drag behind

From this reading “In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.”

volunteer verb US /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

tell voluntarily

From this reading “VOLUNTEER II.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.”

arose from verb + particle counted as “arise from”

In this reading “In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.”

full force adjective + noun

In this reading “In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.”

first place adjective + noun

In this reading “In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.”

second place noun + noun

In this reading “In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

Bence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

Bence's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

Cheyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

currentsnounUS /ˈkɜːrənts/

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

draggingadjectiveUS /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading VOLUNTEER II.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.

learntverbUS /lɜːrnt/

inflected form of “learn” — gain knowledge or skills

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

openingsnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋz/

plural of “opening” — an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

ropenounUS /roʊp/

a strong line

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

spectatornounUS /ˈspekteɪtər/

a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

swamverbUS /swæm/

inflected form of “swim” — travel through water

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

towedverbUS /toʊd/

past form of “tow” — drag behind

From this reading In the second place he had noticed that at least half Bence's difficulty arose from the rope he towed getting into these currents, and dragging him still more out of his course.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Cheyne had been a careful and intelligent spectator of Bence's failure, and he had learnt two of the great causes of it.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

VOLUNTEERverbUS /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

tell voluntarily

From this reading VOLUNTEER II.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading In the first place he had seen that Bence swam at such a distance from the openings as not to receive the full force of the bore, but at the same time to be very much thrown out of his course by the spent water.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In both these cases were precious time and enormous labour thrown away.

Chapter 18 of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance by Richard Dowling holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance contain?

Chapter 18 holds 116 sentences of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance by Richard Dowling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance

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Yes. All 5921 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42599 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #42599, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 493 minutes of reading across 1185 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Duke's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sweetheart
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Duke's Sweetheart: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.