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The Dynasts
The Dynasts

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Dynasts is here in full — 389 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Dynasts
Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.
NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?
RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!
NAPOLEON So I foresee.
[The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Dynasts

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Dynasts is here in full — 389 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.
Line 2
NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?
Line 3
RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!
Line 4
NAPOLEON So I foresee.
/nəˈpoʊliən soʊ aɪ fɔːrˈsiː/
Line 5
[The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bloody adjective US /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading “RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!”

fires noun US /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading “[The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.”

flapping noun US /ˈflæpɪŋ/

the motion made by flapping up and down

From this reading “[The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.”

foresee verb US /fɔːrˈsiː/

realize beforehand

From this reading “NAPOLEON So I foresee.”

glare noun US /ɡler/

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading “[The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.”

napoleon noun US /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading “NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?”

Russians noun US /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading “[The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.”

shine verb US /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading “[The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

BESSIERES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.

BetteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

bivouacs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.

darkens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

fanaticize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

flappingnounUS /ˈflæpɪŋ/

the motion made by flapping up and down

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

foreseeverbUS /fɔːrˈsiː/

realize beforehand

From this reading NAPOLEON So I foresee.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

glarenounUS /ɡler/

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading NAPOLEON So I foresee.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

Kutuzof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

mid-distance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

NAPOLEONnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!

Rapp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

ruddily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

sireverbUS /ˈsaɪər/

make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading NAPOLEON So I foresee.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.

they'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

throwingverbUS /ˈθroʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading [The scene darkens, and the fires of the bivouacs shine up ruddily, those of the French near at hand, those of the Russians in a long line across the mid-distance, and throwing a flapping glare into the heavens.

TisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BESSIERES 'Tis to fanaticize their courage, sire.

to-morrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

VictorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading RAPP Victory; But, sire, a bloody one!

wakeverbUS /weɪk/

be awake, be alert, be there

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading NAPOLEON Better they'd wake up old Kutuzof.--Rapp, What think you of to-morrow?

Chapter 17 of The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy holds 389 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of The Dynasts contain?

Chapter 17 holds 389 sentences of The Dynasts, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 389 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of The Dynasts?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Dynasts

Common questions about reading The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Dynasts?

Yes. All 9483 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4043 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Dynasts is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4043, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Dynasts take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1897 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Dynasts section by section

How to work through The Dynasts section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Dynasts to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Dynasts

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Dynasts, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Covered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Action
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.