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The Dynasts
The Dynasts

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Dynasts is here in full — 374 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/74 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!
Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.
SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!
DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.
They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Dynasts

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Dynasts is here in full — 374 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/74 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!
Line 2
Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.
Line 3
SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!
Line 4
DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.
Line 5
They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

booms noun US /buːmz/

plural of “boom” — a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading “DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.”

clammy adjective US /ˈklæmi/

unpleasantly cool and humid

From this reading “Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.”

denser adjective US /ˈdensər/

comparative of “dense” — permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading “Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.”

devastating adjective US /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/

making light of

From this reading “They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.”

hemming verb US /ˈhemɪŋ/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading “Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.”

Leipzig noun US /ˈlaɪpsɪɡ/

a city in southeastern Germany famous for fairs; formerly a music and publishing center

From this reading “DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.”

Napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading “SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!”

October's noun US /ɑːkˈtoʊbərz/

possessive form of “october” — the month following September and preceding November

From this reading “Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

aerialnounUS /ˈeriəl/

a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

alliesnounUS /ˈælaɪz/

the alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

assurancenounUS /əˈʃʊrəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

beginsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

boomsnounUS /buːmz/

plural of “boom” — a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

broods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

cannonadenoun

intense and continuous artillery fire

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

clammyadjectiveUS /ˈklæmi/

unpleasantly cool and humid

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

clocksnounUS /klɑːks/

European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

copeverbUS /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

crushverbUS /krʌʃ/

come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

decideverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪd/

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

denseradjectiveUS /ˈdensər/

comparative of “dense” — permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

devastatingadjectiveUS /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/

making light of

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

DUMBadjectiveUS /dʌm/

slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

feebleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːbəl/

pathetically lacking in force or effectiveness

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

hemmingverbUS /ˈhemɪŋ/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

heretoforeadverbUS /ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

hordesnounUS /hɔːrdz/

plural of “horde” — a vast multitude

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

hostsnounUS /hoʊsts/

plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

imperturbably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

intensitynounUS /ɪnˈtensəti/

the amount of energy transmitted (as by acoustic or electromagnetic radiation)

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

LeipzignounUS /ˈlaɪpsɪɡ/

a city in southeastern Germany famous for fairs; formerly a music and publishing center

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

matchedadjectiveUS /mætʃt/

provided with a worthy adversary or competitor

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

Napoleon'snounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

October'snounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbərz/

possessive form of “october” — the month following September and preceding November

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

proppedverbUS /prɑːpt/

inflected form of “prop” — support by placing against something solid or rigid

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

RUMOURSnounUS /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumour” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

SEMICHORUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

SHOWverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

ShrunkverbUS /ʃrʌŋk/

inflected form of “shrink” — wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are the signal for a general cannonade of devastating intensity.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading SEMICHORUS I OF RUMOURS [aerial music] This is the combat of Napoleon's hope, But not of his assurance!

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SEMICHORUS II He knows, he knows that though in equal fight He stand s heretofore the matched of none, A feeble skill is propped by numbers' might, And now three hosts close round to crush out one!

waxverbUS /wæks/

cover with wax

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Shrunk in power He broods beneath October's clammy cope, While hemming hordes wax denser every hour.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading DUMB SHOW The Leipzig clocks imperturbably strike nine, and the battle which is to decide the fate of Europe, and perhaps the world, begins with three booms from the line of the allies.

Chapter 19 of The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy holds 374 sentences, grouped into 75 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Dynasts contain?

Chapter 19 holds 374 sentences of The Dynasts, unabridged, divided into 75 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 374 sentences, grouped into 75 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Dynasts?

Work through the 75 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 75 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Dynasts

Common questions about reading The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Dynasts?

Yes. All 9483 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4043 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Dynasts is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4043, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Dynasts take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1897 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Dynasts section by section

How to work through The Dynasts section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Dynasts to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Dynasts

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Dynasts, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Covered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Action
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.