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The Dynasts
The Dynasts

Chapter XXIV · Chapter 24

Chapter 24 of The Dynasts is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Dynasts
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.
Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.
At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.
Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.
They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Dynasts

Chapter XXIV · Chapter 24

Chapter 24 of The Dynasts is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.
/ˈbrekfəsts ɑːr kʊkt ˈoʊvər ˈsmoʊki ˈfaɪərz ʌv ɡriːn wʊd/
Line 2
Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.
Line 3
At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.
Line 4
Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.
Line 5
They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.
/ðeɪ əˈsuːm θriː kənˈsentrɪk laɪnz ʌv ˈkresənt ʃeɪp ðæt kənˈvɜːrdʒ ɑːn ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ mɪdst wɪð ɡreɪt blɑːks ʌv ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ɡɑːrd æt ðə bæk ʌv ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Breakfasts noun US /ˈbrekfəsts/

plural of “breakfast” — the first meal of the day (usually in the morning)

From this reading “Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.”

concentric adjective US /kənˈsentrɪk/

having a common center

From this reading “They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.”

converge verb US /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

be adjacent or come together

From this reading “They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.”

cutlery noun US /ˈkʌtləri/

a cutting implement; a tool for cutting

From this reading “Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.”

deploy verb US /dɪˈplɔɪ/

place troops or weapons in battle formation

From this reading “Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.”

exploding verb US /ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ/

-ing form of “explode” — cause to burst with a violent release of energy

From this reading “Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.”

jackets noun US /ˈdʒækɪts/

plural of “jacket” — a short coat

From this reading “Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.”

wavy adjective US /ˈweɪvi/

(of hair) having waves

From this reading “At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

assumeverbUS /əˈsuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

blocksnounUS /blɑːks/

plural of “block” — a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

BreakfastsnounUS /ˈbrekfəsts/

plural of “breakfast” — the first meal of the day (usually in the morning)

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

bunchesnounUS /ˈbʌntʃəz/

plural of “bunch” — a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

chargesnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “charge” — an impetuous rush toward someone or something

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

concentricadjectiveUS /kənˈsentrɪk/

having a common center

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

convergeverbUS /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

be adjacent or come together

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

cookedadjectiveUS /kʊkt/

having been prepared for eating by the application of heat

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

crescentnounUS /ˈkresənt/

any shape resembling the curved shape of the moon in its first or last quarters

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

cross-belts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

cutlerynounUS /ˈkʌtləri/

a cutting implement; a tool for cutting

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

deployverbUS /dɪˈplɔɪ/

place troops or weapons in battle formation

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

dyeverbUS /daɪ/

color with dye

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

epaulettes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

explodingverbUS /ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ/

-ing form of “explode” — cause to burst with a violent release of energy

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

extendsverbUS /ɪkˈstendz/

third-person singular of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

firelocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

glitteringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

GuardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

hairyadjectiveUS /ˈheri/

having or covered with hair

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

Haye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

hill-side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

Hougomont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

InnumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

jacketsnounUS /ˈdʒækɪts/

plural of “jacket” — a short coat

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

knapsacks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

LookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

paradenounUS /pərˈeɪd/

a ceremonial procession including people marching

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

pipeclaynoun

fine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and pottery and in whitening leather

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

projectingadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

ribandnoun

a ribbon used as a decoration

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

rustyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌsti/

covered with or consisting of rust

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

Sainte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

scrapeverbUS /skreɪp/

scratch repeatedly

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

shirt-sleeves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

smokyadjectiveUS /ˈsmoʊki/

marked by or emitting or filled with smoke

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They assume three concentric lines of crescent shape, that converge on the English midst, with great blocks of the Imperial Guard at the back of them.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

washedadjectiveUS /wɑːʃt/

clean by virtue of having been washed in water

From this reading Innumerable groups, many in their shirt-sleeves, clean their rusty firelocks, drawing or exploding the charges, scrape the mud from themselves, and pipeclay from their cross-belts the red dye washed off their jackets by the rain.

wavyadjectiveUS /ˈweɪvi/

(of hair) having waves

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Looking across to the French positions we observe that after advancing in dark streams from where they have passed the night they, too, deploy and wheel into their fighting places--figures with red epaulettes and hairy knapsacks, their arms glittering like a display of cutlery at a hill-side fair.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At six o'clock, they parade, spread out, and take up their positions in the line of battle, the front of which extends in a wavy riband three miles long, with three projecting bunches at Hougomont, La Haye Sainte, and La Haye.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Breakfasts are cooked over smoky fires of green wood.

Chapter 24 of The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy holds 390 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 24 of The Dynasts contain?

Chapter 24 holds 390 sentences of The Dynasts, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 24 of The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 390 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 24 of The Dynasts?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 24 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 24 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Dynasts

Common questions about reading The Dynasts by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Dynasts?

Yes. All 9483 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4043 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Dynasts is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4043, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Dynasts take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1897 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Dynasts section by section

How to work through The Dynasts section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Dynasts to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Dynasts

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Dynasts, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Covered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Action
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Dynasts; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.