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The Education of Henry Adams
The Education of Henry Adams

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Education of Henry Adams is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.
The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.
Never could any good come from that besotted race!
He was feebly trying to save his own life.
Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Education of Henry Adams

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Education of Henry Adams is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.
Line 2
The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.
/ðə wɔːr əˈloʊn dɪd nɑːt ˈɡreɪtli dɪˈstres hɪm ɔːlˈredi ɪn hɪz ʃɔːrt laɪf hiː wɑːz juːzd tuː ˈsiːɪŋ ˈpiːpəl weɪd ɪn blʌd ənd hiː kʊd ˈpleɪnli dɪˈsɜːrn ɪn ˈhɪstəri ðæt mæn frʌm ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ hæd faʊnd hɪz tʃiːf əˈmjuːzmənt ɪn ˈblʌdʃed bʌt ðə fərˈoʊʃəs dʒɔɪ ʌv dɪˈstrʌkʃən æt ɪts best riˈkwaɪərz ðæt wʌn ʃʊd kɪl wʌt wʌn heɪts ənd jʌŋ ˈædəmz ˈniːðər ˈheɪtəd nɔːr ˈwɔːntɪd tuː kɪl hɪz frendz ðə ˈrebəlz waɪl hiː ˈwɔːntɪd ˈnʌθɪŋ soʊ mʌtʃ æz tuː waɪp ˈɪŋɡlənd ɔːf ðə ɜːrθ/
Line 3
Never could any good come from that besotted race!
/ˈnevər kʊd ˈeni ɡʊd kʌm frʌm ðæt bɪˈsɔːtɪd reɪs/
Line 4
He was feebly trying to save his own life.
/hiː wɑːz ˈfiːbli ˈtraɪɪŋ tuː seɪv hɪz oʊn laɪf/
Line 5
Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.
/ˈevəri deɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɡʌvərmənt dɪˈlɪbərətli ˈkraʊdəd hɪm wʌn step ˈfɜːrðər ˈɪntuː ðə ɡreɪv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

besotted adjective US /bɪˈsɔːtɪd/

very drunk

From this reading “Never could any good come from that besotted race!”

bloodshed noun US /ˈblʌdʃed/

the shedding of blood resulting in murder

From this reading “The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.”

discern verb US /dɪˈsɜːrn/

detect with the senses

From this reading “The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.”

ferocious adjective US /fərˈoʊʃəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading “The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.”

hates noun US /heɪts/

plural of “hate” — the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading “The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.”

rebels noun US /ˈrebəlz/

plural of “rebel” — “Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading “The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.”

wade verb US /weɪd/

walk (through relatively shallow water)

From this reading “The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.”

wipe verb US /waɪp/

rub with a circular motion

From this reading “The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1862

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

AdamsnounUS /ˈædəmz/

American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Never could any good come from that besotted race!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

besottedadjectiveUS /bɪˈsɔːtɪd/

very drunk

From this reading Never could any good come from that besotted race!

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

bloodshednounUS /ˈblʌdʃed/

the shedding of blood resulting in murder

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Never could any good come from that besotted race!

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

deliberatelyadverbUS /dɪˈlɪbərətli/

with intention; in an intentional manner

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

discernverbUS /dɪˈsɜːrn/

detect with the senses

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

feeblyadverbUS /ˈfiːbli/

in a faint and feeble manner

From this reading He was feebly trying to save his own life.

ferociousadjectiveUS /fərˈoʊʃəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

FOESnounUS /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

FRIENDSnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Never could any good come from that besotted race!

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

hatesnounUS /heɪts/

plural of “hate” — the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

killverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He was feebly trying to save his own life.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading Never could any good come from that besotted race!

rebelsnounUS /ˈrebəlz/

plural of “rebel” — “Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading He was feebly trying to save his own life.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

shudderverbUS /ˈʃʌdər/

shake, as from cold

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Every day the British Government deliberately crowded him one step further into the grave.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading He was feebly trying to save his own life.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

wadeverbUS /weɪd/

walk (through relatively shallow water)

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

wipeverbUS /waɪp/

rub with a circular motion

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading FOES OR FRIENDS (1862) OF the year 1862 Henry Adams could never think without a shudder.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The war alone did not greatly distress him; already in his short life he was used to seeing people wade in blood, and he could plainly discern in history, that man from the beginning had found his chief amusement in bloodshed; but the ferocious joy of destruction at its best requires that one should kill what one hates, and young Adams neither hated nor wanted to kill his friends the rebels, while he wanted nothing so much as to wipe England off the earth.

Chapter 9 of The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams holds 246 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Education of Henry Adams contain?

Chapter 9 holds 246 sentences of The Education of Henry Adams, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 246 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Education of Henry Adams?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Education of Henry Adams

Common questions about reading The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Education of Henry Adams?

Yes. All 6756 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2044 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Education of Henry Adams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2044, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Education of Henry Adams take to read?

About 563 minutes of reading across 1352 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Education of Henry Adams

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Education of Henry Adams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shadow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.