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The Education of Henry Adams
The Education of Henry Adams

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Education of Henry Adams is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.
Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.
By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.
To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.
He sent for the volume and read it.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Education of Henry Adams

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Education of Henry Adams is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.
Line 2
Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.
/ˈiːvɪn wɪˈðɪn ðiːz ˈneroʊ siːz ðə ˈnævəɡeɪtər lɔːst hɪz ˈberɪŋz ənd ˈfɑːloʊd ðə wɪndz æz ðeɪ bluː/
Line 3
By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.
Line 4
To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.
/tuː ˈædəmzɪz ˈvɪʒən ˈwɪlərd ɡɪbz stʊd ɑːn ðə seɪm pleɪn wɪð ðə θriː ɔːr fɔːr ˈɡreɪtəst maɪndz ʌv hɪz ˈsentʃəri ənd ðə aɪˈdiːə ðæt ə mæn soʊ ˌɪnˈkɑːmpərəbli suːˈpɪriər ʃʊd faɪnd help ˈeniwer fɪld hɪm wɪð ˈwʌndər/
Line 5
He sent for the volume and read it.
/hiː sent fɔːr ðə ˈvɑːljuːm ənd red ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Adams's noun US /ˈædəmzɪz/

possessive form of “adams” — American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

From this reading “To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.”

Complexity noun US /kəmˈpleksəti/

the quality of being intricate and compounded

From this reading “THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.”

exploration noun US /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading “THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.”

Gibbs noun US /ɡɪbz/

United States chemist (1839-1903)

From this reading “By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.”

incomparably adverb US /ˌɪnˈkɑːmpərəbli/

in an incomparable manner or to an incomparable degree

From this reading “To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.”

Multiplicity noun US /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading “THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.”

navigator noun US /ˈnævəɡeɪtər/

the ship's officer in charge of navigation

From this reading “Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.”

Willard noun US /ˈwɪlərd/

United States advocate of temperance and women's suffrage (1839-1898)

From this reading “By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1903

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

AdamsnounUS /ˈædəmz/

American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

Adams'snounUS /ˈædəmzɪz/

possessive form of “adams” — American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

anywhereadverbUS /ˈeniwer/

at or in or to any place

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

AsianounUS /ˈeɪʒə/

the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

barelyadverbUS /ˈberli/

only a very short time before

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

bearingsnounUS /ˈberɪŋz/

plural of “bearing” — relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

blewverbUS /bluː/

inflected form of “blow” — exhale hard

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

CentraladjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

ComplexitynounUS /kəmˈpleksəti/

the quality of being intricate and compounded

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

DantenounUS /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

explorationnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

GibbsnounUS /ɡɪbz/

United States chemist (1839-1903)

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

GRAMMARnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

incomparablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːmpərəbli/

in an incomparable manner or to an incomparable degree

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

Karl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

longestadverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡəst/

for the most time

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

MultiplicitynounUS /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

navigatornounUS /ˈnævəɡeɪtər/

the ship's officer in charge of navigation

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

Pearson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

planenounUS /pleɪn/

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

Pumpelly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

RaphaelnounUS /ˌrɑːfaɪˈel/

Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance (1483-1520)

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading He sent for the volume and read it.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

SCIENCEnounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading He sent for the volume and read it.

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

travelsnounUS /ˈtrævəlz/

plural of “travel” — the act of going from one place to another

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading He sent for the volume and read it.

voyagesnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒəz/

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

WillardnounUS /ˈwɪlərd/

United States advocate of temperance and women's suffrage (1839-1898)

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading By chance it happened that Raphael Pumpelly helped the winds; for, being in Washington on his way to Central Asia he fell to talking with Adams about these matters, and said that Willard Gibbs thought he got most help from a book called the "Grammar of Science," by Karl Pearson.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Even within these narrow seas the navigator lost his bearings and followed the winds as they blew.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading To Adams's vision, Willard Gibbs stood on the same plane with the three or four greatest minds of his century, and the idea that a man so incomparably superior should find help anywhere filled him with wonder.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE (1903) OF all the travels made by man since the voyages of Dante, this new exploration along the shores of Multiplicity and Complexity promised to be the longest, though as yet it had barely touched two familiar regions--race and sex.

Chapter 31 of The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Education of Henry Adams contain?

Chapter 31 holds 130 sentences of The Education of Henry Adams, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Education of Henry Adams?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Education of Henry Adams

Common questions about reading The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Education of Henry Adams?

Yes. All 6756 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2044 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Education of Henry Adams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2044, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Education of Henry Adams take to read?

About 563 minutes of reading across 1352 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Education of Henry Adams section by section

How to work through The Education of Henry Adams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Education of Henry Adams

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Education of Henry Adams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shadow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Education of Henry Adams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.