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The Elect Lady
The Elect Lady

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Elect Lady is here in full — 78 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ANDREW AND ALEXA.
Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.
She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.
Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.
There was in them the change only of development.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Elect Lady

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Elect Lady is here in full — 78 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ANDREW AND ALEXA.
Line 2
Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.
Line 3
She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.
Line 4
Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.
/ðʌs treɪnd ɪn ˈnoʊblɪst ˈfæʃənz ʌv ˈfriːdəm ɪt wɑːz smɔːl ˈwʌndər ðæt hɪz ˈberɪŋ ənd ˈmænərz ðə ˈnætʃərəl ˈaʊtkʌm ənd ɪkˈspreʃən ʌv hɪz ˈhæbəts ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ ʃʊd ɡroʊ ɪn ˈlɪb.ər.ti/
Line 5
There was in them the change only of development.
/ðer wɑːz ɪn ðem ðə tʃeɪndʒ ˈoʊnli ʌv dɪˈveləpmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

development noun US /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading “There was in them the change only of development.”

fashions noun US /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.”

improved adjective US /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading “Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.”

intercourse noun US /ˈɪntərkɔːrs/

communication between individuals

From this reading “She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.”

laird noun US /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading “Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.”

noblest adjective US /ˈnoʊblɪst/

superlative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading “Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.”

outcome noun US /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading “Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.”

trained adjective US /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading “Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

ALEXA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ANDREW AND ALEXA.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ANDREW AND ALEXA.

ANDREWnounUS /ˈændruː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading ANDREW AND ALEXA.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading There was in them the change only of development.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading There was in them the change only of development.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

fashionsnounUS /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

intercoursenounUS /ˈɪntərkɔːrs/

communication between individuals

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

lairdnounUS /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

noblestadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblɪst/

superlative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading There was in them the change only of development.

outcomenounUS /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

rentverbUS /rent/

let for money

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There was in them the change only of development.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was in them the change only of development.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

wakefulnessnoun

a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading She did not take into account his intercourse with God, as with highest human minds, and his constant wakefulness to carry into action what things he learned.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading Thus trained in noblest fashions of freedom, it was small wonder that his bearing and manners, the natural outcome and expression of his habits of being, should grow in liberty.

wonderedverbUS /ˈwʌndərd/

past form of “wonder” — have a wish or desire to know something

From this reading Andrew had occasion to call on the laird to pay his father's rent, and Alexa, who had not seen him for some time, thought him improved both in carriage and speech, and wondered.

Chapter 19 of The Elect Lady by George MacDonald holds 78 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Elect Lady contain?

Chapter 19 holds 78 sentences of The Elect Lady, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Elect Lady by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 78 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Elect Lady?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Elect Lady

Common questions about reading The Elect Lady by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Elect Lady?

Yes. All 3543 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8944 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Elect Lady is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8944, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Elect Lady take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 709 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Elect Lady section by section

How to work through The Elect Lady section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of The Elect Lady to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Elect Lady

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Elect Lady, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Landlord's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Elect Lady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daughter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Elect Lady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tenant's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Elect Lady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kitchen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Elect Lady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.