Chapter I · Chapter 1

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

at or in or to any place

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

recognize with gratitude; be grateful for

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies (448-380 BC)

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

a resident of Athens

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

comparative of “bold” — fearless and daring

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

the two together, not just one

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result)

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

plural of “convention” — a large formal assembly

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

third-person singular of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

set up or found

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

United States jurist and chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1833-1910)

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

a base hit on which the batter scores a run

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

plural of “influence” — a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

the act of beginning something new

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

comparative of “keen” — having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

excessive freedom; lack of due restraint

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

in a literal sense

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

comparative of “lively” — full of life and energy

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

expressing deep emotion

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

the quality of being current or of the present

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

seemingly contradictory but nonetheless possibly true

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

by chance

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

literature in metrical form

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

belonging to the present time

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

third-person singular of “presuppose” — take for granted or as a given; suppose beforehand

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

the act or process of producing something

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

-ing form of “restrain” — to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

exposing human folly to ridicule

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

express in words

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

one of the great tragedians of ancient Greece (496-406 BC)

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

the words of something written

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Of its essence, it is free from many of the conventions and restraining influences of earlier forms of literature, and enjoys much of the liberty of choice of subject and licence of method that marks present-day conditions of literary production both on and off the stage.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

a special situation

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Perhaps the first thing to strike us--paradoxical as it may sound to say so--about the Athenian 'Old Comedy' is its _modernness_.

precisely as stated

From this reading Of its very nature, satiric drama comes later than Epic and Lyric poetry, Tragedy or History; Aristophanes follows Homer and Simonides, Sophocles and Thucydides.

which person or people

From this reading Its very existence presupposes a fuller and bolder intellectual life, a more advanced and complex city civilization, a keener taste and livelier faculty of comprehension in the people who appreciate it, than could anywhere be found at an earlier epoch.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Now For The First Time Literally And Completely Translated From The Greek Tongue Into English With Translator's Foreword An Introduction To Each Comedy And Elucidatory Notes THE KNIGHTS Introduction Text And Notes THE ACHARNIANS Introduction Text And Notes THE CLOUDS Introduction Text And Notes Translator's Foreword