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The Emigrant Trail
The Emigrant Trail

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Emigrant Trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.
Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.
The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.
One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.
The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Emigrant Trail

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.
/ə ˈbroʊkən laɪn ʌv ˈmuːvɪŋ dɑːts ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈkʌmpəniː treɪld ə sloʊ weɪ əˈkrɔːs ðɪs ˈoʊʃən ʌv ɡriːn/
Line 2
Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.
/ˈnʌθɪŋ ɑːn ɪts feɪs wɑːz mɔːr ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkənt ðæn ðeɪ/
Line 3
The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.
/ðə bɜːrdz ɪn ðə triːz ənd ðə biːz ɪn ðə ˈflaʊərz hæd ə mɔːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt pleɪs ɪn ɪts ɪˈkɑːnəmi/
Line 4
One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.
/wʌn ˌæftərˈnuːn ˈdeɪvɪd ˈraɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə rɪr ˈkrestɪd ə rɪdʒ ənd sɔː ðem ə maɪl ɪn ədˈvæns ðə roʊd ˈstretʃɪŋ bɪˈfɔːr ənd bɪˈhaɪnd ðem ɪn ə ˈkɜːrvɪŋ θred/
Line 5
The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.
/ðə tɑːps ʌv ðə ˈwæɡənz wɜːr laɪk ðə bæks ʌv ˈkriːpɪŋ ˈɪnsekts ðə ˈmaʊntəd ˈfɪɡjərz speks ʌv laɪf ðæt reɪzd ə slaɪt ˈtɑːrnɪʃ ʌv dʌst ɑːn ðə ˈɡoʊldən ˈklɪrnəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clearness noun US /ˈklɪrnəs/

free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression

From this reading “The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.”

crested adjective US /ˈkrestɪd/

bearing an heraldic device

From this reading “One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.”

curving adjective US /ˈkɜːrvɪŋ/

having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend

From this reading “One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.”

dots noun US /dɑːts/

plural of “dot” — a very small circular shape

From this reading “A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.”

specks noun US /speks/

plural of “speck” — a very small spot

From this reading “The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.”

tarnish verb US /ˈtɑːrnɪʃ/

make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically

From this reading “The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.”

trailed verb US /treɪld/

past form of “trail” — to lag or linger behind

From this reading “A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.”

wagons noun US /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading “The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

beesnounUS /biːz/

plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

clearnessnounUS /ˈklɪrnəs/

free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

creepingnounUS /ˈkriːpɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

crestedadjectiveUS /ˈkrestɪd/

bearing an heraldic device

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

curvingadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrvɪŋ/

having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

DavidnounUS /ˈdeɪvɪd/

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

dotsnounUS /dɑːts/

plural of “dot” — a very small circular shape

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

economynounUS /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

insectsnounUS /ˈɪnsekts/

plural of “insect” — small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

insignificantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkənt/

signifying nothing

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

ridgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

ridingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

specksnounUS /speks/

plural of “speck” — a very small spot

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

tarnishverbUS /ˈtɑːrnɪʃ/

make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

threadverbUS /θred/

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

From this reading One afternoon David riding in the rear crested a ridge and saw them a mile in advance, the road stretching before and behind them in a curving thread.

topsadjectiveUS /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

trailedverbUS /treɪld/

past form of “trail” — to lag or linger behind

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The birds in the trees and the bees in the flowers had a more important place in its economy.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nothing on its face was more insignificant than they.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A broken line of moving dots, the little company trailed a slow way across this ocean of green.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The tops of the wagons were like the backs of creeping insects, the mounted figures, specks of life that raised a slight tarnish of dust on the golden clearness.

Chapter 4 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner holds 194 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Emigrant Trail contain?

Chapter 4 holds 194 sentences of The Emigrant Trail, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 194 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Emigrant Trail?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Emigrant Trail

Common questions about reading The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Emigrant Trail?

Yes. All 7259 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19113 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Emigrant Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19113, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Emigrant Trail take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1452 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Emigrant Trail section by section

How to work through The Emigrant Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Emigrant Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Emigrant Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Emigrant Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clouds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lifted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.