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The Emigrant Trail
The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Emigrant Trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next morning the rain was pouring.
The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.
Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.
One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.
From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next morning the rain was pouring.
/ðə nekst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ðə reɪn wɑːz ˈpɔːrɪŋ/
Line 2
The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.
/ðə treɪn roʊld aʊt wɪˈθaʊt ˈpɪktʃərəsk ˈsɜːrkəmstæns ðə men ˈkɜːrsɪŋ ðə ˈɑːksən wɪð ɡreɪt hedz ˈswɪŋɪŋ ˈʌndər ðə joʊks ˈplɑːdɪŋ ˈdɔːɡədli θruː leɪks ˈfretɪd wɪð ðə ˈdaʊnpɔːr/
Line 3
Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.
/ˈbrekfəst wɑːz ə fɑːrs ˈnoʊbɑːdiːz ˈfaɪər wʊd bɜːrn ənd ðə ˈwɪmən wɜːr wet θruː bɪˈfɔːr ðeɪ hæd ðə ˈkɑːfi pɑːts aʊt/
Line 4
One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.
/wʌn ɔːr tuː ˈprɑːvɪdənt ˈpɑːrtiz hæd stoʊvz ˈfɪtəd ʌp ɪn ðer ˈwæɡənz wɪð ə dʒɔɪnt ʌv paɪp ˈkʌmɪŋ aʊt θruː hoʊlz ɪn ðə ˈkænvəs/
Line 5
From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

downpour noun US /ˈdaʊnpɔːr/

a heavy rain

From this reading “The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.”

fretted adjective US /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading “The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.”

jaunty adjective US /ˈdʒɔːnti/

marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners

From this reading “From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.”

nobody's noun US /ˈnoʊbɑːdiːz/

possessive form of “nobody” — a person of no influence

From this reading “Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.”

plodding noun US /ˈplɑːdɪŋ/

hard monotonous routine work

From this reading “The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.”

provident adjective US /ˈprɑːvɪdənt/

providing carefully for the future

From this reading “One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.”

stoves noun US /stoʊvz/

plural of “stove” — a kitchen appliance used for cooking food

From this reading “One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.”

yokes noun US /joʊks/

plural of “yoke” — fabric comprising a fitted part at the top of a garment

From this reading “The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

assurancenounUS /əˈʃʊrəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

BreakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

burnverbUS /bɜːrn/

To consume or be consumed by fire.

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

canvasnounUS /ˈkænvəs/

a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

coffeenounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

cursingverbUS /ˈkɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “curse” — utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

doggedlyadverbUS /ˈdɔːɡədli/

with obstinate determination

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

downpournounUS /ˈdaʊnpɔːr/

a heavy rain

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

farcenounUS /fɑːrs/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

fiercelyadverbUS /ˈfɪrsli/

in a physically fierce manner

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

frettedadjectiveUS /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

issuedverbUS /ˈɪʃuːd/

past form of “issue” — prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

jauntyadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔːnti/

marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

jointnounUS /dʒɔɪnt/

(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

lakesnounUS /leɪks/

plural of “lake” — a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The next morning the rain was pouring.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next morning the rain was pouring.

nobody'snounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiːz/

possessive form of “nobody” — a person of no influence

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

pipenounUS /paɪp/

a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

ploddingnounUS /ˈplɑːdɪŋ/

hard monotonous routine work

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

potsnounUS /pɑːts/

plural of “pot” — metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

pouringadjectiveUS /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

flowing profusely

From this reading The next morning the rain was pouring.

providentadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːvɪdənt/

providing carefully for the future

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The next morning the rain was pouring.

rolledadjectiveUS /roʊld/

especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

stovesnounUS /stoʊvz/

plural of “stove” — a kitchen appliance used for cooking food

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

swingingnounUS /ˈswɪŋɪŋ/

changing location by moving back and forth

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next morning the rain was pouring.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

wafts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading One or two provident parties had stoves fitted up in their wagons with a joint of pipe coming out through holes in the canvas.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next morning the rain was pouring.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From these, wafts of smoke issued with jaunty assurance, to be beaten down by the rain, which swept them fiercely out of the landscape.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Breakfast was a farce; nobody's fire would burn and the women were wet through before they had the coffee pots out.

yokesnounUS /joʊks/

plural of “yoke” — fabric comprising a fitted part at the top of a garment

From this reading The train rolled out without picturesque circumstance, the men cursing, the oxen, with great heads swinging under the yokes, plodding doggedly through lakes fretted with the downpour.

Chapter 13 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Emigrant Trail contain?

Chapter 13 holds 168 sentences of The Emigrant Trail, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Emigrant Trail?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Emigrant Trail

Common questions about reading The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Emigrant Trail?

Yes. All 7259 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19113 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Emigrant Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19113, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Emigrant Trail take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1452 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Emigrant Trail section by section

How to work through The Emigrant Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Emigrant Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Emigrant Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Emigrant Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clouds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lifted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.