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The Emigrant Trail
The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Emigrant Trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.
Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.
Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.
Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.
And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.
/fɔːrt ˈlerəmi stʊd wer ðə ˈiːstərn ruːts ʌv ðə ˈmaʊntənz stɑːrt ɪn tuːθt riːf ənd loʊ prəˈmʌnətəri swiːp frʌm ðə ˈlevəl ʌv ðə pleɪnz/
Line 2
Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.
/ˈbroʊkən tʃeɪnz ənd spɜːrz edʒd ʌp təˈwɔːrd ɪt/
Line 3
Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.
/fɑːr bɪˈɑːnd ɪn ə feɪnt ˈeriəl ˈdɪstəns ðə ˈsɔːrɪŋ səˈlɪdəti ʌv væst ˈreɪndʒəz hʌŋ ɑːn ðə hərˈaɪzən ˈklaʊdi krests ˈpeɪntɪd ɑːn ðə skaɪ/
Line 4
Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.
/ˈlerəmi piːk luːmd ˈkloʊsər ə boʊld ber pɔɪnt ɡoʊld ɪn ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ˈpɜːrpəl æt ˈtwaɪlaɪt/
Line 5
And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crests noun US /krests/

plural of “crest” — the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading “Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.”

Laramie noun US /ˈlerəmi/

a university town in southeast Wyoming

From this reading “Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.”

lodges noun US /ˈlɑːdʒəz/

plural of “lodge” — English physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation and was a pioneer of radiotelegraphy (1851-1940)

From this reading “And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.”

premonitory adjective US /prəˈmʌnətəri/

warning of future misfortune

From this reading “Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.”

soaring adjective US /ˈsɔːrɪŋ/

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

From this reading “Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.”

solidity noun US /səˈlɪdəti/

the consistency of a solid

From this reading “Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.”

somber adjective US /ˈsɑːmbər/

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading “And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.”

toothed adjective US /tuːθt/

having teeth especially of a certain number or type; often used in combination

From this reading “Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

aerialnounUS /ˈeriəl/

a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

BrokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.

chainsnounUS /tʃeɪnz/

metal shackles; for hands or legs

From this reading Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

cloudyadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdi/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

clutchingverbUS /ˈklʌtʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “clutch” — take hold of; grab

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

crestsnounUS /krests/

plural of “crest” — the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

dwarfnounUS /dwɔːrf/

a person who is markedly small

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

edgedadjectiveUS /edʒd/

having a specified kind of border or edge

From this reading Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.

faintadjectiveUS /feɪnt/

deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

FaradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

frowningadjectiveUS /ˈfraʊnɪŋ/

showing displeasure or anger

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

HillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.

LaramienounUS /ˈlerəmi/

a university town in southeast Wyoming

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

lodgesnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒəz/

plural of “lodge” — English physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation and was a pioneer of radiotelegraphy (1851-1940)

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

loomedverbUS /luːmd/

past form of “loom” — come into view indistinctly, often threateningly

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

PeaknounUS /piːk/

the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

pinesnounUS /paɪnz/

plural of “pine” — a coniferous tree

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

premonitoryadjectiveUS /prəˈmʌnətəri/

warning of future misfortune

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

purplenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəl/

a purple color or pigment

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

rampartsnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

rangesnounUS /ˈreɪndʒəz/

plural of “range” — an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

reefnounUS /riːf/

a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

rock-ribbedadjective

abounding in or bordered by rocky cliffs or scarps

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

soaringadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːrɪŋ/

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

soliditynounUS /səˈlɪdəti/

the consistency of a solid

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

somberadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːmbər/

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

spursnounUS /spɜːrz/

plural of “spur” — a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

toothedadjectiveUS /tuːθt/

having teeth especially of a certain number or type; often used in combination

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading Laramie Peak loomed closer, a bold, bare point, gold in the morning, purple at twilight.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Broken chains and spurs edged up toward it.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Far beyond, in a faint aerial distance, the soaring solidity of vast ranges hung on the horizon, cloudy crests painted on the sky.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading And the Black Hills, rock-ribbed and somber, dwarf pines clutching their lodges, rose in frowning ramparts to the North and West.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Fort Laramie stood where the eastern roots of the mountains start in toothed reef and low, premonitory sweep from the level of the plains.

Chapter 16 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner holds 199 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Emigrant Trail contain?

Chapter 16 holds 199 sentences of The Emigrant Trail, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 199 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Emigrant Trail?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Emigrant Trail

Common questions about reading The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Emigrant Trail?

Yes. All 7259 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19113 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Emigrant Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19113, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Emigrant Trail take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1452 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Emigrant Trail section by section

How to work through The Emigrant Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Emigrant Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Emigrant Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Emigrant Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clouds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lifted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.