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The Emigrant Trail
The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 335 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Emigrant Trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.
They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.
Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.
All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.
Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 335 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.
Line 2
They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.
/ðeɪ wiːld frʌm ðə west əˈkrɔːs ðə nɔːrθ ˈoʊvər ðə iːst ənd daʊn tuː ðə saʊθ/
Line 3
Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.
Line 4
All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.
/ɔːl roʊdz led tuː ɪt ənd daʊn iːtʃ wʌn keɪm ðə sloʊ kɔɪl ʌv ðə lɔːŋ treɪnz ənd ðə ˈpeɪsɪŋ faɪlz ʌv ˈmaʊntəd men/
Line 5
Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.
/ˈʌndər ɪts wɔːlz ðeɪ ˈrestəd ənd rɪˈperd ðer weɪst er ðeɪ tʊk ðə treɪl əˈɡen ˌɪnˈtent ɑːn ðə ˈneɪʃənz wɜːrk ʌv ˈkɑːŋkwest/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

files noun US /faɪlz/

plural of “file” — a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together

From this reading “All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.”

magnet noun US /ˈmæɡnət/

(physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading “Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.”

nation's noun US /ˈneɪʃənz/

possessive form of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.”

Oregon noun US /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading “Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.”

Platte noun US /plæt/

a river in Nebraska that flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River

From this reading “Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.”

Rockies noun US /ˈrɑːkiz/

the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide

From this reading “Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.”

schooners noun US /ˈskuːnərz/

plural of “schooner” — a large beer glass

From this reading “Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.”

teams noun US /tiːmz/

plural of “team” — a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading “Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

barsnounUS /bɑːrz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of two parallel wooden rods supported on uprights

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

Bridger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

coilnounUS /kɔɪl/

a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

filesnounUS /faɪlz/

plural of “file” — a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

fragrantadjectiveUS /ˈfreɪɡrənt/

pleasant-smelling

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

giantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

guardedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːrdəd/

prudent

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

icyadjectiveUS /ˈaɪsi/

devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

intentnounUS /ˌɪnˈtent/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

magnetnounUS /ˈmæɡnət/

(physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

nation'snounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

possessive form of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

OregonnounUS /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

OxnounUS /ɑːks/

an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

pacingnounUS /ˈpeɪsɪŋ/

(music) the speed at which a composition is to be played

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

packverbUS /pæk/

arrange in a container

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

pathsnounUS /pæðz/

plural of “path” — a course of conduct

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

perpetuallyadverbUS /pərˈpetʃuːəli/

everlastingly; for all time

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

PlattenounUS /plæt/

a river in Nebraska that flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

prairienounUS /ˈpreri/

a treeless grassy plain

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

repairedverbUS /rɪˈperd/

past form of “repair” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

revolvingverbUS /riˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “revolve” — turn on or around an axis or a center

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

RockiesnounUS /ˈrɑːkiz/

the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

schoonersnounUS /ˈskuːnərz/

plural of “schooner” — a large beer glass

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading All roads led to it, and down each one came the slow coil of the long trains and the pacing files of mounted men.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

sun-drenchedadjective

covered with sunlight

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

sungnounUS /sʌŋ/

the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

sweepingadjectiveUS /ˈswiːpɪŋ/

taking in or moving over (or as if over) a wide area; often used in combination

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

teamsnounUS /tiːmz/

plural of “team” — a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

trainsnounUS /treɪnz/

plural of “train” — public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn by a locomotive

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

trapper's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

tumultuousadjectiveUS /ˌtuːˈmʌltʃuːəs/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

wheeledadjectiveUS /wiːld/

having wheels; often used in combination

From this reading They wheeled from the west across the north over the east and down to the south.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Ox teams, prairie schooners, pack trains, horsemen came to it from the barren lands that guarded the gates of California, from the tumultuous rivers and fragrant forests of the Oregon country, from the trapper's paths and the thin, icy streams of the Rockies, from the plains where the Platte sung round its sand bars, from the sun-drenched Spanish deserts.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Fort Bridger was like a giant magnet perpetually revolving and sweeping the western half of the country with its rays.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Under its walls they rested and repaired their waste, ere they took the trail again intent on the nation's work of conquest.

Chapter 23 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner holds 335 sentences, grouped into 67 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Emigrant Trail contain?

Chapter 23 holds 335 sentences of The Emigrant Trail, unabridged, divided into 67 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 335 sentences, grouped into 67 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Emigrant Trail?

Work through the 67 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 67 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Emigrant Trail

Common questions about reading The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Emigrant Trail?

Yes. All 7259 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19113 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Emigrant Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19113, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Emigrant Trail take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1452 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Emigrant Trail section by section

How to work through The Emigrant Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Emigrant Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Emigrant Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Emigrant Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clouds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lifted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.