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The Emigrant Trail
The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 237 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Emigrant Trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.
For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.
On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.
Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.
Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 237 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.
Line 2
For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.
Line 3
On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.
/ɑːn ðə ˈwestərn sloʊp ðə ɡreɪt ˈbʊlwərk drɑːpt frʌm ˈɡrænət haɪts tuː ˈwʊdɪd ˈrɪdʒəz əˈlɔːŋ ðə spaɪnz ʌv wɪtʃ ðə roʊd waʊnd/
Line 4
Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.
Line 5
Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aerial noun US /ˈeriəl/

a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer

From this reading “Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.”

bulwark noun US /ˈbʊlwərk/

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.”

hollows noun US /ˈhɑːloʊz/

plural of “hollow” — a cavity or space in something

From this reading “For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.”

knoll noun US /noʊl/

a small natural hill

From this reading “Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!”

ledges noun US /ˈledʒɪz/

plural of “ledge” — a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading “For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.”

spines noun US /spaɪnz/

plural of “spine” — the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord

From this reading “On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.”

summits noun US /ˈsʌmɪts/

plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading “Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.”

undulating verb US /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading “Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

aerialnounUS /ˈeriəl/

a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

breaksnounUS /breɪks/

plural of “break” — some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

bulwarknounUS /ˈbʊlwərk/

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

chasms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

clothedadjectiveUS /kloʊðd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

crawlingnounUS /ˈkrɔːlɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

creepingnounUS /ˈkriːpɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

crispadjectiveUS /krɪsp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

defiles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

distancesnounUS /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

granitenounUS /ˈɡrænət/

plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

hollowsnounUS /ˈhɑːloʊz/

plural of “hollow” — a cavity or space in something

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

knollnounUS /noʊl/

a small natural hill

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

LandnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

ledgesnounUS /ˈledʒɪz/

plural of “ledge” — a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

murmurousadjective

characterized by soft sounds

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

pallornoun

unnatural lack of color in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress)

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

pinenounUS /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

pine's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

PromisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

ridgesnounUS /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

spinesnounUS /spaɪnz/

plural of “spine” — the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

summitsnounUS /ˈsʌmɪts/

plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

sun-filled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

swellverbUS /swel/

increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the light of a clear September sun they stood and looked down on it--the Promised Land.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading Then on this bright September afternoon a sun-filled pallor of empty space shone between the tree trunks, and they had hurried to the summit of a knoll and seen it spread beneath them--California!

undulatingverbUS /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

vaporousadjective

so thin as to transmit light

From this reading Through breaks in the pine's close ranks they saw blue, vaporous distances, and on the far side of aerial chasms the swell of other mountains, clothed to their summits, shape undulating beyond shape.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For days they had been creeping up through defiles in the mountain wall, crawling along ledges with murmurous seas of pine below and the snow lying crisp in the hollows.

woodedadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdɪd/

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading On the western slope the great bulwark dropped from granite heights to wooded ridges along the spines of which the road wound.

Chapter 30 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner holds 237 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Emigrant Trail contain?

Chapter 30 holds 237 sentences of The Emigrant Trail, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 237 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of The Emigrant Trail?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Emigrant Trail

Common questions about reading The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Emigrant Trail?

Yes. All 7259 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19113 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Emigrant Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19113, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Emigrant Trail take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1452 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Emigrant Trail section by section

How to work through The Emigrant Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Emigrant Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Emigrant Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Emigrant Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clouds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lifted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.