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The Emigrant Trail
The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 312 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.
Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.
It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.
They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.
The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Emigrant Trail

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Emigrant Trail is here in full — 312 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.
Line 2
Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.
Line 3
It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.
Line 4
They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.
/ðeɪ wɜːrkt ˈfevərɪʃli ðə θret ʌv ðə ˈwɪntər reɪnz ˈɜːrdʒɪŋ ðem ɑːn/
Line 5
The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.
/ðə ɡɜːrl helpt ˈliːvɪŋ hɜːr ˈketəl ˈsetəld fɜːrm ɑːn ə bed ʌv ˈembərz waɪl ðə ˈwɔːtər ˈhiːtəd fɔːr dɪʃ ˈwɑːʃɪŋ tuː dʒɔɪn ðem ɑːn ðə ʃɔːr hiːpt wɪð ðer ɜːrθ paɪlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buckled verb US /ˈbʌkəld/

past form of “buckle” — fasten with a buckle or buckles

From this reading “Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.”

caked verb US /keɪkt/

past form of “cake” — form a coat over

From this reading “It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.”

constructing verb US /kənˈstrʌktɪŋ/

-ing form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading “Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.”

cracks noun US /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading “It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.”

feverishly adverb US /ˈfevərɪʃli/

in a feverish manner

From this reading “They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.”

pits noun US /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading “Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.”

rocker noun US /ˈrɑːkər/

an attendant who rocks a child in a cradle

From this reading “Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.”

sediment noun US /ˈsedəmənt/

matter that has been deposited by some natural process

From this reading “It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

buckledverbUS /ˈbʌkəld/

past form of “buckle” — fasten with a buckle or buckles

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

cakedverbUS /keɪkt/

past form of “cake” — form a coat over

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

constructingverbUS /kənˈstrʌktɪŋ/

-ing form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

Courant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

cracksnounUS /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

currentsnounUS /ˈkɜːrənts/

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

depositverbUS /dəˈpɑːzɪt/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

diggingnounUS /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/

the act of digging

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

dishnounUS /dɪʃ/

a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

edgesnounUS /ˈedʒəz/

plural of “edge” — the boundary of a surface

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

embersnounUS /ˈembərz/

plural of “ember” — a hot fragment of wood or coal that is left from a fire and is glowing or smoldering

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

feverishlyadverbUS /ˈfevərɪʃli/

in a feverish manner

From this reading They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

Forty-niners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

heapedverbUS /hiːpt/

past form of “heap” — bestow in large quantities

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

heatedadjectiveUS /ˈhiːtəd/

made warm or hot (“het” is a dialectal variant of “heated”)

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

kettlenounUS /ˈketəl/

a metal pot for stewing or boiling; usually has a lid

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

modelnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

pilesnounUS /paɪlz/

venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

pitsnounUS /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

rainsnounUS /reɪnz/

plural of “rain” — water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

rivalsnounUS /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

rockernounUS /ˈrɑːkər/

an attendant who rocks a child in a cradle

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

sandsnounUS /sændz/

the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

sedimentnounUS /ˈsedəmənt/

matter that has been deposited by some natural process

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

sunkadjectiveUS /sʌŋk/

doomed to extinction

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

swarmedverbUS /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

threatnounUS /θret/

something that is a source of danger

From this reading They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

uncrowdedadjective

having or allowing sufficient room

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

undisturbedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/

untroubled by interference or disturbance

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

urgingnounUS /ˈɜːrdʒɪŋ/

a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

washingnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋ/

the work of cleansing (usually with soap and water)

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was the American River before the Forty-niners swarmed along its edges, and there was gold in its sands, sunk in a sediment below its muddy deposit, caked in cracks through the rocks round which its currents had swept for undisturbed ages.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The girl helped, leaving her kettle settled firm on a bed of embers while the water heated for dish washing, to join them on the shore, heaped with their earth piles.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Everything was with them, rivals were few, the ground uncrowded, the season dry.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Their claim was rich and they buckled down to work, the old man constructing a rocker after a model of his own, and Courant digging in the pits.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading They worked feverishly, the threat of the winter rains urging them on.

Chapter 31 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner holds 312 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Emigrant Trail contain?

Chapter 31 holds 312 sentences of The Emigrant Trail, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 312 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Emigrant Trail?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Emigrant Trail

Common questions about reading The Emigrant Trail by Geraldine Bonner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Emigrant Trail?

Yes. All 7259 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19113 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Emigrant Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19113, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Emigrant Trail take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1452 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Emigrant Trail section by section

How to work through The Emigrant Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Emigrant Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Emigrant Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Emigrant Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fourth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clouds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lifted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emigrant Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.