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The Emperor — Complete
The Emperor — Complete

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Emperor — Complete is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
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Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.
Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.
Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.
Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.
In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Emperor — Complete

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Emperor — Complete is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.
Line 2
Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.
/weˈnevər hiː sɔː ˈeni ˈfɪɡjərz ʌv ɪkˈsepʃənəl ˈstætʃər hiː ˈfɑːloʊd ðem bʌt iːtʃ taɪm ˈoʊnli tuː dɪˈskʌvər ðæt hiː hæd ˈentərd ɑːn ə fɔːls træk/
Line 3
Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.
Line 4
Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.
Line 5
In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beards noun US /bɪrdz/

plural of “beard” — the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading “Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.”

cynic noun US /ˈsɪnɪk/

someone who is critical of the motives of others

From this reading “Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.”

exceptional adjective US /ɪkˈsepʃənəl/

far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree

From this reading “Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.”

flourished verb US /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading “In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.”

knotted adjective US /ˈnɑːtɪd/

tied with a knot

From this reading “In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.”

philosophers noun US /fəˈlɑːsəfərz/

plural of “philosopher” — a specialist in philosophy

From this reading “Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.”

unkempt adjective US /ənˈkempt/

not neatly combed

From this reading “Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.”

viciously adverb US /ˈvɪʃəsli/

in a vicious manner

From this reading “In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

abuseverbUS /əˈbjuːs/

treat badly

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

aimverbUS /eɪm/

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

Antinous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

beardsnounUS /bɪrdz/

plural of “beard” — the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

benchnounUS /bentʃ/

a long seat for more than one person

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

by-standers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

cloaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

contemptuousadjectiveUS /kənˈtemptʃuːəs/

expressing extreme contempt

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

cynicnounUS /ˈsɪnɪk/

someone who is critical of the motives of others

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

deferencenounUS /ˈdefərəns/

a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

exceptionaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈsepʃənəl/

far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

flourishedverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

flungverbUS /flʌŋ/

inflected form of “fling” — throw with force or recklessness

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

joysnounUS /dʒɔɪz/

plural of “joy” — the emotion of great happiness

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

knottedadjectiveUS /ˈnɑːtɪd/

tied with a knot

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

loudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

Paneum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

persistentadjectiveUS /pərˈsɪstənt/

never-ceasing

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

philosophersnounUS /fəˈlɑːsəfərz/

plural of “philosopher” — a specialist in philosophy

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

raggedadjectiveUS /ˈræɡəd/

being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

searchingadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtʃɪŋ/

diligent and thorough in inquiry or investigation

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

sensualists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

shiveringnounUS /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

splendornounUS /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

stickverbUS /stɪk/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

tangledadjectiveUS /ˈtæŋɡəld/

in a confused mass

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

tonesnounUS /toʊnz/

plural of “tone” — the quality of a person's voice

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

unkemptadjectiveUS /ənˈkempt/

not neatly combed

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

viciouslyadverbUS /ˈvɪʃəsli/

in a vicious manner

From this reading In order to be heard by the by-standers they spoke in loud tones, and the elder of the two, flourished his knotted stick as viciously, as though he had to defend himself against an attack.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Antinous, searching for his master, had wandered about in the crowd.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Long and persistent effort was not in his nature, so as soon as he began to get tired, he gave up the search and sat down again on a stone bench in the garden of the Paneum.

WheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading Whenever he saw any figures of exceptional stature he followed them, but each time only to discover that he had entered on a false track.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading Two cynic philosophers, with unkempt hair, tangled beards, and ragged cloaks flung over their shivering bodies, sat down by him and fell into loud and contemptuous abuse of the deference shown, 'in these days,' to external things and vulgar joys, and of the wretched sensualists who regarded pleasure and splendor, rather than virtue, as the aim and end of existence.

Chapter 22 of The Emperor — Complete by Georg Ebers holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Emperor — Complete contain?

Chapter 22 holds 89 sentences of The Emperor — Complete, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Emperor — Complete by Georg Ebers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Emperor — Complete?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Emperor — Complete

Common questions about reading The Emperor — Complete by Georg Ebers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Emperor — Complete?

Yes. All 8290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5493 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Emperor — Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5493, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Emperor — Complete take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1658 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Emperor — Complete section by section

How to work through The Emperor — Complete section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Emperor — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Emperor — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emperor — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twilight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emperor — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dawned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emperor — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Risen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Emperor — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.