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The Empire Makers
The Empire Makers

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Empire Makers is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Empire Makers
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.
But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?
This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.
Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?
This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Empire Makers

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Empire Makers is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.
Line 2
But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?
/bʌt wʌt prɪˈventɪd ðem frʌm ˈriːtʃɪŋ ɪt frʌm ˈʌðər dərˈekʃənz/
Line 3
This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.
Line 4
Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?
/wɑːz ɪt sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl ˈfɔːrəsts ɔːr wɜːrs/
Line 5
This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.
/ðɪs ðeɪ wɜːr riˈzɑːlvd tuː dɪˈskʌvər bʌt ðə sərˈmaɪz ʌv wʌt maɪt biː meɪd ðem teɪk ˈevəri ˈnesəseri priˈkɔːʃən soʊ æz tuː biː priˈperd fɔːr ˌwʌˈtevər tʃænst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chanced verb US /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading “This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.”

deterred verb US /dɪˈtɜːrd/

inflected form of “deter” — try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading “To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.”

discussed verb US /dɪˈskʌst/

past form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading “This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.”

forests noun US /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading “Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?”

impassable adjective US /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading “Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?”

precaution noun US /priˈkɔːʃən/

a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading “This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.”

speculated verb US /ˈspekjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “speculate” — to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds

From this reading “This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.”

surmise verb US /sərˈmaɪz/

infer from incomplete evidence

From this reading “This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

necessary precaution adjective + noun

In this reading “This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.”

speculated upon verb + particle counted as “speculate upon”

In this reading “This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.”

other directions adjective + noun counted as “other direction”

In this reading “But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

beltnounUS /belt/

endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?

chancedverbUS /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

deterredverbUS /dɪˈtɜːrd/

inflected form of “deter” — try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

discussedverbUS /dɪˈskʌst/

past form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

humanitynounUS /hjuːˈmænɪti/

the quality of being humane

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

impassableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

Ned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

pestilentialadjective

likely to spread and cause an epidemic disease

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

precautionnounUS /priˈkɔːʃən/

a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

preventedverbUS /prɪˈventɪd/

past form of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

speculatedverbUS /ˈspekjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “speculate” — to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

surmiseverbUS /sərˈmaɪz/

infer from incomplete evidence

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

thoughtfuladjectiveUS /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

Wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But what prevented them from reaching it from other directions?

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading This they were resolved to discover, but the surmise of what might be made them take every necessary precaution, so as to be prepared for whatever chanced.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading To reach it they had come through a pestilential belt, which might have hitherto deterred humanity on that side.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading Was it surrounded by impassable forests, or worse?

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading This made Ned and his companions thoughtful when they discussed and speculated upon the yet unknown problem.

Chapter 8 of The Empire Makers by Hume Nesbit holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Empire Makers contain?

Chapter 8 holds 408 sentences of The Empire Makers, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Empire Makers by Hume Nesbit exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Empire Makers?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Empire Makers

Common questions about reading The Empire Makers by Hume Nesbit on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Empire Makers?

Yes. All 4847 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40838 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Empire Makers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40838, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Empire Makers take to read?

About 403 minutes of reading across 970 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Empire Makers section by section

How to work through The Empire Makers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Empire Makers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Empire Makers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Empire Makers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Empire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empire Makers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Makers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empire Makers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empire Makers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adventure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empire Makers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.