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The Empty Sack
The Empty Sack

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Empty Sack is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Empty Sack
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.
Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.
Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.
By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.
Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Empty Sack

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Empty Sack is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.
Line 2
Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.
Line 3
Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.
Line 4
By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.
/baɪ deɪ ɪts ˈaʊtlaɪn ɪz ə frɪndʒ əˈɡenst ðə skaɪ baɪ naɪt ɪts ˈklʌstərɪŋ laɪts ɑːr laɪk ə ˌkɑːnstəˈleɪʃən/
Line 5
Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.
/ˌɪndiˈænə ˈævənuː ɪz wʌn ʌv ðoʊz rer spɑːts ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərhʊd ʌv nuː jɔːrk wer ə ˈmeʒər ʌv ˈbjuːti ɪz stɪl rɪˈzɜːrvd fɔːr ðə ˈrelətɪvli puːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clustering noun US /ˈklʌstərɪŋ/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading “By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.”

commuting noun US /kəˈmjuːtɪŋ/

the travel of a commuter

From this reading “The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.”

constellation noun US /ˌkɑːnstəˈleɪʃən/

an arrangement of parts or elements

From this reading “By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.”

Indiana noun US /ˌɪndiˈænə/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading “Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.”

Jersey noun US /ˈdʒɜːrzi/

a Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.”

parapet noun US /ˈperəpet/

a low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony

From this reading “Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.”

relatively adverb US /ˈrelətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading “Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.”

suggests verb US /səˈdʒests/

third-person singular of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

against the sky preposition + article + noun counted as “against … sky”

In this reading “By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.”

about six preposition + noun

In this reading “The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.”

in the neighborhood preposition + article + noun counted as “in … neighborhood”

In this reading “Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.”

on top preposition + noun

In this reading “Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.”

came together verb + particle counted as “come together”

come together, as if in an embrace

In this reading “The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.”

by night preposition + noun

In this reading “By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.”

By day preposition + noun

In this reading “By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

AvenuenounUS /ˈævənuː/

a line of approach

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

battlementedadjective

protected with battlements or parapets with indentations or embrasures for shooting through

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

clusteringnounUS /ˈklʌstərɪŋ/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

commutingnounUS /kəˈmjuːtɪŋ/

the travel of a commuter

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

constellationnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈleɪʃən/

an arrangement of parts or elements

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

ElevenadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevən/

being one more than ten

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

Folletts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

fringenounUS /frɪndʒ/

the outside boundary or surface of something

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

HeightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

HudsonnounUS /ˈhʌdsən/

a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

IndiananounUS /ˌɪndiˈænə/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

JerseynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrzi/

a Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

NumbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

outlinenounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

parapetnounUS /ˈperəpet/

a low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

Pemberton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

relativelyadverbUS /ˈrelətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

reservedadjectiveUS /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

set aside for the use of a particular person or party

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

river-front

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

SeenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading By day, its outline is a fringe against the sky; by night, its clustering lights are like a constellation.

spotsnounUS /spɑːts/

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

suggestsverbUS /səˈdʒests/

third-person singular of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Commuting brought them to Number Eleven Indiana Avenue, Pemberton Heights.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The Folletts came together every evening about six, chiefly by the process known to American cities as commuting.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Indiana Avenue is one of those rare spots in the neighborhood of New York where a measure of beauty is still reserved for the relatively poor.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Seen from the New York river-front, Pemberton Heights, on top of a great cliff on the New Jersey side of the Hudson, suggests a battlemented parapet.

Chapter 4 of The Empty Sack by Basil King holds 184 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Empty Sack contain?

Chapter 4 holds 184 sentences of The Empty Sack, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Empty Sack by Basil King exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 184 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Empty Sack?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Empty Sack

Common questions about reading The Empty Sack by Basil King on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Empty Sack?

Yes. All 7013 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37412 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Empty Sack is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37412, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Empty Sack take to read?

About 584 minutes of reading across 1403 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Empty Sack section by section

How to work through The Empty Sack section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of The Empty Sack to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Empty Sack

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Empty Sack, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Collingham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empty Sack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Office
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empty Sack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Having
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empty Sack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Become
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Empty Sack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.