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The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5)
The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5)

Chapter XL

Chapter 40 of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5) is here in full — 585 sentences across 117 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/117 · 5 lines
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Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.
Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.
M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.
M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5)

Chapter XL

Chapter 40 of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5) is here in full — 585 sentences across 117 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/117 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Line 2
Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.
Line 3
Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.
Line 4
M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.
Line 5
M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Archbishop noun US /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading “Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.”

armes verb US /ɑːrmz/

third-person singular of “arm” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading “M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.”

battalions noun US /bəˈtæljənz/

plural of “battalion” — an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading “Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.”

Canterbury noun US /ˈkæntərberi/

a town in Kent in southeastern England; site of the cathedral where Thomas a Becket was martyred in 1170; seat of the archbishop and primate of the Anglican Church

From this reading “Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.”

cited verb US /ˈsaɪtəd/

past form of “cite” — make reference to

From this reading “M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.”

consisting verb US /kənˈsɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “consist” — originate

From this reading “Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.”

describes verb US /dɪˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading “Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.”

Durham noun US /ˈdɜːrəm/

a city of north central North Carolina; site of Duke University

From this reading “Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

consisting of verb + particle counted as “consist of”

In this reading “Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.”

same period adjective + noun

In this reading “Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1346

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

1356

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

1523

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

156

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

157

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

158

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

16

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

17

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

19

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

ArchbishopnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

armesverbUS /ɑːrmz/

third-person singular of “arm” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

Balliol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

battalionsnounUS /bəˈtæljənz/

plural of “battalion” — an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Berners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

BishopnounUS /ˈbɪʃəp/

a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

busshes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

CanterburynounUS /ˈkæntərberi/

a town in Kent in southeastern England; site of the cathedral where Thomas a Becket was martyred in 1170; seat of the archbishop and primate of the Anglican Church

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

citedverbUS /ˈsaɪtəd/

past form of “cite” — make reference to

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

consistingverbUS /kənˈsɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “consist” — originate

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

Crécy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

describesverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

DurhamnounUS /ˈdɜːrəm/

a city of north central North Carolina; site of Duke University

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

feldis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

firse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

fol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Froissart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

gyse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

hackeneys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

HappilyadverbUS /ˈhæpəli/

in a joyous manner

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

iiii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

illustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

knightis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

lette

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

LincolnnounUS /ˈlɪŋkən/

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

lytle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

meate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

Mowbray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

Neville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

pasturenounUS /ˈpæstʃər/

a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

PercynounUS /ˈpɜːrsi/

United States writer whose novels explored human alienation (1916-1990)

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

Poitiersnoun

the battle in 1356 in which the English under the Black Prince defeated the French

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

Pynson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

ScottnounUS /skɑːt/

award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

ScottishnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading Footnote 158: “Froissart describes a Scottish host of the same period as consisting of ‘.iiii.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading Footnote 157: Crécy, 26 August, 1346; Durham, 17 October, 1346; Poitiers, 19 September, 1356.

squiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

tyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

viiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

warre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

whiche

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

xnounUS /eks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading M. of armes, knightis and squiers, mounted on good horses, and other .x.

xviinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of sixteen and one

From this reading M. men of warre, armed after their gyse, right hardy and firse, mounted on lytle hackeneys, the whiche were never tyed nor kept at hard meate, but lette go to pasture in the feldis and busshes.’” Happily cited by Scott, in illustration of #C# 16: Lord Berners’ translation, cap. xvii, Pynson, 1523, fol. viii.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Footnote 156: Froissart says that the English force was in four battalions: the first commanded by the Bishop of Durham and Lord Percy; the second by the Archbishop of York and Lord Neville; the third by the Bishop of Lincoln and Lord Mowbray; the fourth by Edward Balliol and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Chapter 40 of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5) by Francis James [Editor] Child holds 585 sentences, grouped into 117 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5) contain?

Chapter 40 holds 585 sentences of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5), unabridged, divided into 117 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5) by Francis James [Editor] Child exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 585 sentences, grouped into 117 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5)?

Work through the 117 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 117 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dover
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 3 (of 5); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Publications
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Edition
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Contains
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