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The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01 is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.
1.
If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.
If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.
If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01 is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.
/ʌv ˈæŋɡəlz ʌv ˈɪnsədəns ənd rɪˈflekʃən ˈiːkwəl baɪ ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/
Line 2
1.
Line 3
If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.
Line 4
If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.
Line 5
If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

angle noun US /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading “If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.”

angles noun US /ˈæŋɡəlz/

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading “OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.”

circumference noun US /ˌsɜːrˈkʌmfrəns/

the size of something as given by the distance around it

From this reading “If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.”

incidence noun US /ˈɪnsədəns/

the relative frequency of occurrence of something

From this reading “OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.”

parallel noun US /ˈperəlel/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading “If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.”

reflection noun US /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading “OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.”

strait noun US /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading “If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.”

supposition noun US /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

parallel lines noun + noun counted as “parallel line”

In this reading “If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.”

within the circle preposition + article + noun counted as “within … circle”

In this reading “If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.”

fall upon verb + particle

find unexpectedly

In this reading “If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.”

other way adjective + noun

In this reading “If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

ANGLESnounUS /ˈæŋɡəlz/

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

circumferencenounUS /ˌsɜːrˈkʌmfrəns/

the size of something as given by the distance around it

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

EQUALverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

INCIDENCEnounUS /ˈɪnsədəns/

the relative frequency of occurrence of something

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

oppositelyadverb

in an opposite position

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

parallelnounUS /ˈperəlel/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

reflectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈflektɪd/

(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

REFLECTIONnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

straitnounUS /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

SUPPOSITIONnounUS /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading OF ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION, EQUAL BY SUPPOSITION.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading If two strait lines falling upon another strait line be parallel, the lines reflected from them shall also be parallel.—2.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If two strait lines drawn from one point fall upon another strait line, the lines reflected from them, if they be drawn out the other way, will meet in an angle equal to the angle made by the lines of incidence.—3.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading If two strait parallel lines, drawn not oppositely, but from the same parts, fall upon the circumference of a circle, the lines reflected from them, if produced they meet within the circle, will make an angle double to that which is made by two strait lines drawn from the centre to the points of incidence.—4.

Chapter 18 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01 by Thomas Hobbes holds 119 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 18 holds 119 sentences of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

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Vocabulary met early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01

Words and structures a reader meets early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
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Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
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