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The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.
[Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]
A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.
[Sidenote: Wherein different from a commonwealth by institution.]
And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.
Line 2
[Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]
Line 3
A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.
/ə ˈkɑːmənwelθ baɪ ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ɪz ðæt wer ðə ˈsɑːv.rən ˈpaʊər ɪz əˈkwaɪərd baɪ fɔːrs ənd ɪt ɪz əˈkwaɪərd baɪ fɔːrs wen men ˈsɪŋɡli ɔːr ˈmeni təˈɡeðər baɪ plərˈælɪti ʌv ˈvɔɪsəz fɔːr fɪr ʌv deθ ɔːr bɑːndz duː ˈɔːθəraɪz ɔːl ðə ˈækʃənz ʌv ðæt mæn ɔːr əˈsembli ðæt hæθ ðer lɪvz ənd ˈlɪb.ər.ti ɪn hɪz ˈpaʊər/
Line 4
[Sidenote: Wherein different from a commonwealth by institution.]
Line 5
And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquisition noun US /ˌækwəˈzɪʃən/

the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

From this reading “[Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]”

authorize verb US /ˈɔːθəraɪz/

grant authorization or clearance for

From this reading “A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.”

commonwealth noun US /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading “[Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]”

institute verb US /ˈɪnstətuːt/

set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading “And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.”

paternal adjective US /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

belonging to or inherited from one's father

From this reading “OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.”

plurality noun US /plərˈælɪti/

the state of being plural

From this reading “A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.”

singly adverb US /ˈsɪŋɡli/

one by one; one at a time

From this reading “A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.”

sovereignty noun US /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading “And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sovereign power adjective + noun

In this reading “A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.”

by force preposition + noun

In this reading “A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

acquisitionnounUS /ˌækwəˈzɪʃən/

the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

From this reading [Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

assemblynounUS /əˈsembli/

a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

authorizeverbUS /ˈɔːθəraɪz/

grant authorization or clearance for

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

bondsnounUS /bɑːndz/

plural of “bond” — an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

chooseverbUS /tʃuːz/

pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

commonwealthnounUS /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading [Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

DESPOTICALadjective

belonging to or having the characteristics of a despot

From this reading OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading [Sidenote: Wherein different from a commonwealth by institution.]

differeth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

DOMINIONnounUS /dəˈmɪnjən/

dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [Sidenote: Wherein different from a commonwealth by institution.]

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

instituteverbUS /ˈɪnstətuːt/

set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading [Sidenote: Wherein different from a commonwealth by institution.]

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

PATERNALadjectiveUS /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

belonging to or inherited from one's father

From this reading OF DOMINION PATERNAL, AND DESPOTICAL.

pluralitynounUS /plərˈælɪti/

the state of being plural

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: A commonwealth by acquisition.]

singlyadverbUS /ˈsɪŋɡli/

one by one; one at a time

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

sovereigntynounUS /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A COMMONWEALTH _by acquisition_, is that, where the sovereign power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men singly, or many together by plurality of voices, for fear of death, or bonds, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that hath their lives and liberty in his power.

Wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: Wherein different from a commonwealth by institution.]

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And this kind of dominion, or sovereignty, differeth from sovereignty by institution, only in this, that men who choose their sovereign, do it for fear of one another, and not of him whom they institute: but in this case, they subject themselves, to him they are afraid of.

Chapter 17 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 contain?

Chapter 17 holds 110 sentences of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Common questions about reading The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03?

Yes. All 6441 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73957 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73957, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 take to read?

About 536 minutes of reading across 1289 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 section by section

How to work through The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Words and structures a reader meets early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.