Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.
[Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]
Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.
And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.
By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.
/ʌv ˈsɪstəmz səbˈdʒekt pəˈlɪtəkəl ənd ˈpraɪvət/
Line 2
[Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]
Line 3
Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.
/ˈhævɪŋ ˈspoʊkən ʌv ðə ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən fɔːrm ənd ˈpaʊər ʌv ə ˈkɑːmənwelθ aɪ æm ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː spiːk nekst ʌv ðə pɑːrts ˌðeˈrʌv/
Line 4
And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.
/ənd fɜːrst ʌv ˈsɪstəmz wɪtʃ rɪˈzembəl ðə ˈsɪmələr pɑːrts ɔːr ˈmʌsəlz ʌv ə ˈbɑːdi ˈnætʃərəl/
Line 5
By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.
/baɪ ˈsɪstəmz aɪ ˌʌndərˈstænd ˈeni ˈnʌmbərz ʌv men dʒɔɪnd ɪn wʌn ˈɪntrəst ɔːr wʌn ˈbɪznəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commonwealth noun US /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading “Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.”

divers adjective US /ˈdaɪvərz/

many and different

From this reading “[Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]”

generation noun US /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.”

muscles noun US /ˈmʌsəlz/

plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading “And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.”

resemble verb US /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading “And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.”

sorts noun US /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading “[Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]”

systems noun US /ˈsɪstəmz/

plural of “system” — instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading “OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.”

thereof adverb US /ˌðeˈrʌv/

of or concerning this or that

From this reading “Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

commonwealthnounUS /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

diversadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪvərz/

many and different

From this reading [Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

musclesnounUS /ˈmʌsəlz/

plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading [Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]

POLITICALadjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

PRIVATEadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.

resembleverbUS /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading [Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

SUBJECTnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.

SYSTEMSnounUS /ˈsɪstəmz/

plural of “system” — instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading OF SYSTEMS SUBJECT, POLITICAL, AND PRIVATE.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Sidenote: The divers sorts of systems of people.]

thereofadverbUS /ˌðeˈrʌv/

of or concerning this or that

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Having spoken of the generation, form, and power of a commonwealth, I am in order to speak next of the parts thereof.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading By SYSTEMS, I understand any numbers of men joined in one interest, or one business.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And first of systems, which resemble the similar parts, or muscles of a body natural.

Chapter 19 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes holds 180 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 contain?

Chapter 19 holds 180 sentences of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 180 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Common questions about reading The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03?

Yes. All 6441 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73957 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73957, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 take to read?

About 536 minutes of reading across 1289 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 section by section

How to work through The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Words and structures a reader meets early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.